深部高温矿井热源阻断机理及隔热–通风协同治理研究进展

Research Progress on Heat Source Interception Mechanism and Synergistic Insulation-Ventilation Management in Deep High-Temperature Mines

摘要: 深部矿产资源开采面临的高温热害问题，已成为制约矿井安全生产与高效运营的关键技术瓶颈。传统通风降温技术在深部高温环境中暴露出热源强度远超通风散热能力、能耗指数级增长、无法阻断高温涌水加热等根本性局限，亟需从“被动通风稀释”向“主动热源阻断”的治理范式转变。系统阐述了深部矿井高温热害的热源类型与致灾机制，在此基础上深入分析了热源阻断的传热学机理——通过敷设低导热系数隔热材料重构围岩–风流热边界层、增大系统总热阻、压缩围岩热扰动区，从而实现从源头削减进入巷道的热流。综述了以气凝胶复合材料为代表的新型隔热材料的研究进展及其在矿井隔热工程中的应用现状。进一步分析了隔热–通风协同治理的理论基础与数值模拟方法，探讨了场–网复合模拟等技术路径。研究表明，基于热源阻断的隔热–通风协同治理模式，能够从“源头减排”与“末端控制”两个层面实现深井热环境的高效调控，代表了深井热害治理从单一技术向系统集成、从被动应对向主动调控的发展方向。最后，本文指出了当前研究中亟待解决的关键科学问题，并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

Abstract: The problem of high-temperature thermal hazards in deep mineral resource mining has become a key technical bottleneck restricting safe production and efficient operation of mines. Traditional ventilation cooling technology exposes fundamental limitations in deep high-temperature environments, such as heat source intensity far exceeding ventilation cooling capacity, exponential increase in energy consumption, and inability to block heating from high-temperature water inrush. There is an urgent need to shift from the “passive ventilation dilution” paradigm to an “active heat source blocking” strategy. This paper systematically elaborates on the heat source types and disaster-causing mechanisms of high-temperature thermal hazards in deep mines. On this basis, it deeply analyzes the heat transfer mechanism of heat source blocking-by applying low-thermal-conductivity insulation materials to reconstruct the thermal boundary layer between surrounding rock and airflow, increase the total thermal resistance of the system, and compress the thermal disturbance zone of the surrounding rock, thereby reducing the heat flow entering the roadway from the source. It reviews the research progress of new insulation materials represented by aerogel composites and their application status in mine insulation engineering. Furthermore, it analyzes the theoretical basis and numerical simulation methods of thermal insulation-ventilation synergistic control, and discusses technical approaches such as field-network composite simulation. Research indicates that the insulation-ventilation synergistic control mode based on heat source blocking can achieve efficient regulation of the thermal environment in deep mines from both “source reduction” and “end control” aspects, representing the development direction of deep mine thermal hazard governance from a single technology to system integration, and from passive response to active regulation. Finally, this paper points out the key scientific problems urgently needed to be solved in current research and provides an outlook on future research directions.