人的全面发展视域下数字技术的价值边界与文化向善之路

Value Boundaries of Digital Technology and Pathways toward Cultural Good from the Perspective of All-Round Human Development

摘要: 数字技术正在由提高效率的工具性力量转变为深度参与劳动组织、认知形成、社会交往与文化生产的基础性力量。人工智能、大数据、平台算法等技术在释放生产力、拓展知识获取和扩大文化参与的同时，也可能通过算法推荐、数据化管理、注意力竞争和流量评价等机制，引发认知自主性弱化、劳动主体性受限、社会关系浅表化以及文化价值偏置。技术进步是否构成人的进步，不能只以效率、规模和连接数量衡量，而应回到人的发展本身。基于马克思人的全面发展理论，本文以能力发展、社会关系丰富和个性自由为价值尺度，分析数字技术对人的发展的双重影响，并从本体论、认识论、伦理与法律和文化四个层面界定数字技术的价值边界。在此基础上，提出以权利保障为基础的制度规制、以人的发展为目标的技术设计、以公共性和多样性为导向的文化建设以及以数字素养和主体自觉为核心的主体培育路径。文化向善不是对技术能力的外在压制，而是通过价值嵌入和制度安排，使技术重新成为人的本质力量对象化的成果，并转化为自由发展的现实条件。

Abstract: Digital technology is evolving from an instrumental force aimed at improving efficiency into a fundamental force that deeply shapes labor organization, cognitive formation, social interaction, and cultural production. Technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and platform algorithms have enhanced productivity, expanded access to knowledge, and increased cultural participation. However, they may also generate new challenges through mechanisms such as algorithmic recommendation, data-driven management, competition for attention, and traffic-based evaluation, including the weakening of cognitive autonomy, constraints on labor subjectivity, superficialization of social relations, and bias in cultural value formation. Whether technological advancement contributes to human progress should not be measured solely by efficiency, scale, or the quantity of connections, but should ultimately be evaluated from the perspective of human development itself. Drawing upon Marx’s theory of the all-round development of human beings, this paper adopts capability development, the enrichment of social relations, and individual freedom as evaluative criteria to examine the dual effects of digital technology on human development. It further defines the value boundaries of digital technology from four dimensions: ontology, epistemology, ethics and law, and cultural publicity. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes several pathways: establishing institutional regulation centered on rights protection, promoting human-oriented technological design, advancing cultural development guided by public values and diversity, and strengthening subject cultivation through digital literacy and individual agency. Cultural advancement does not mean externally restricting technological capabilities; rather, it requires embedding values and institutional arrangements into technological development, so that technology can once again become an objectification of human essential powers and be transformed into a practical condition for human freedom and comprehensive development.