2025年新疆加工番茄主要种植区生长气象条件分析

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions in Growing Season of Processing Tomatoes in Major Planting Areas of Xinjiang in 2025

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在系统分析2025年新疆加工番茄全生育期农业气象条件，探究气象因子对其生长发育、产量及品质的影响机制，阐明高温与干旱的协同胁迫机理，为区域加工番茄种植布局优化、品种合理选用及气象防灾减灾工作提供科学支撑。方法：选用新疆加工番茄主要种植区(昌吉州、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、塔城地区) 2025年29个气象站气象观测数据，结合加工番茄生育期、大田长势、气象灾害及产量品质实况，对2025年加工番茄全生育期农业气象条件及其影响开展系统性分析。结果：2025年加工番茄生育期内呈现气温偏高、降水明显偏少、高温过程频发的暖干气候特征，大部产区热量条件优越，降水与光照条件相对不足；移栽期土壤相对含水量适宜，虽受阶段性降温、降水、大风天气影响，整体利于幼苗移栽；现蕾期光热充足，降水适时补充水分，高温加速植株生育进程；开花期两次大范围持续性高温天气导致花粉活性下降、坐果率降低；坐果期植株长势整体良好；果实膨大期光热充沛，但持续高温引发局地轻度日灼病害，降低商品果率；成熟期热量充足，利于果实着色与成熟。结论：2025年全生育期气象条件总体有利于加工番茄生长及光合产物积累，但高温干旱协同胁迫对加工番茄果实品质均一性存在潜在抑制。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to systematically analyze the agrometeorological conditions during the entire growth period of processing tomatoes in Xinjiang in 2025, explore the effects of meteorological factors on the growth, development, yield and quality of processing tomatoes, and clarify the synergistic stress mechanism of high temperature and drought, so as to provide a scientific basis for the optimization of planting layout, rational selection of varieties, and meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation for processing tomatoes in the region. Methods: Based on the meteorological observation data from 29 meteorological stations in the main processing tomato planting areas of Xinjiang (Changji Prefecture, Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and Tacheng Prefecture), combined with the actual conditions of processing tomato growth stages, field growth status, meteorological disasters, yield and quality, this paper systematically analyzed the agrometeorological conditions and their impacts on processing tomatoes during the entire growth period in 2025. Results: During the growth period of processing tomatoes in 2025, the climate was characterized by high temperature, significantly less precipitation and frequent high-temperature processes, presenting a warm and dry pattern. Most producing areas had superior thermal conditions but relatively insufficient precipitation and light resources. The soil relative water content was appropriate during the transplanting stage. Despite the impacts of periodic cooling, precipitation and gale weather, the overall conditions were conducive to seedling transplanting. At the budding stage, sufficient light and heat as well as timely supplementary precipitation accelerated the growth process of tomato plants. Two large-scale and persistent high-temperature events occurred during the flowering stage, resulting in decreased pollen activity and fruit setting rate. Tomato plants grew well on the whole at the fruit setting stage. The fruit expansion stage was featured with abundant light and heat. Nevertheless, continuous high temperature induced slight local sunscald disease and reduced the commercial fruit rate. Sufficient heat at the mature stage facilitated fruit coloring and ripening. Conclusion: In general, the meteorological conditions throughout the entire growth period in 2025 were favorable for the growth of processing tomatoes and the accumulation of photosynthates. However, the synergistic stress of high temperature and drought posed a potential inhibitory effect on the fruit quality uniformity of processing tomatoes.