电商经济研究综述与未来展望

A Review of Research on the E-Commerce Economy and Future Prospects

摘要: 以45篇中文文献为样本，本文采用中国知网(CNKI)检索、分步筛选与主题编码相结合的系统性文献回顾方法，围绕电商经济的概念边界、研究脉络、核心议题及未来方向展开系统梳理。现有研究表明，电商经济已经由单纯的交易方式创新，逐步演化为牵动对外贸易升级、企业创新与数字化转型、县域经济增长、乡村振兴、消费行为重塑及产业链协同的重要力量。相关成果主要分布于跨境电商、农村电商、直播与社交电商、平台治理与供应链等板块，整体上呈现出较强的政策驱动色彩，其作用机制多集中于信息共享、资源配置优化、融资约束缓解、要素融合、产业链协同与制度型开放等路径。现有文献虽然在研究场景上不断拓展，但仍存在概念边界不够清晰、统一测度不足、正向效应讨论偏多而负向外部性关注不够、微观数据与跨层级整合相对薄弱等问题。基于此，本文认为，后续研究有必要在理论整合、指标体系、数据来源、方法组合以及中国情境应用等方面继续推进，从而促进电商经济研究由议题式累积走向更加系统的知识建构。

Abstract: Drawing on a sample of 45 Chinese-language publications, this paper employs a systematic literature review methodology that combines searches on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) with step-by-step screening and thematic coding, providing a systematic overview of the conceptual boundaries, research trajectory, core issues and future directions of the e-commerce economy. Existing research indicates that the e-commerce economy has evolved from a mere innovation in transaction methods into a significant force driving the upgrading of foreign trade, corporate innovation and digital transformation, county-level economic growth, rural revitalisation, the reshaping of consumer behaviour, and industrial chain synergy. Relevant findings are primarily distributed across sectors such as cross-border e-commerce, rural e-commerce, live-streaming and social e-commerce, platform governance and supply chains. Overall, the research exhibits a strong policy-driven character, with its mechanisms of action largely centred on pathways such as information sharing, optimised resource allocation, alleviation of financing constraints, integration of production factors, industrial chain synergy and institutional openness. Although existing literature has continuously expanded its research scope, it still faces issues such as unclear conceptual boundaries, a lack of unified measurement standards, an overemphasis on positive effects whilst paying insufficient attention to negative externalities, and relatively weak integration of microdata and cross-level data. Consequently, this paper argues that future research should continue to advance in areas such as theoretical integration, indicator systems, data sources, methodological combinations, and applications to the Chinese context, thereby facilitating the transition of e-commerce economic research from an issue-based accumulation towards a more systematic construction of knowledge.