南疆西部主要机场雷暴天气特征及对管制措施的建议

Thunderstorm Weather Characteristics of Major Airports in Western Southern Xinjiang and Suggestions for Control Measures

摘要: 基于南疆主要机场近5年的气象观测资料，本文采用统计分析方法系统研究雷暴天气的时空分布及演变特征，并分析其对飞行安全与管制运行的影响。结果表明：独特的干旱区山地–盆地耦合下垫面条件决定了南疆机场雷暴活动集中分布于4~10月(春季至秋季中期)的时间规律，不同机场的雷暴初始触发位置、移动路径、单次过程持续时长受局地地形遮蔽效应影响呈现出显著的空间异质性。针对该类地域性雷暴的运行管控实践证实，以航空器运行安全为核心前置目标，提前实施动态管制间隔扩容与精准化流量管控、从运行入口端减少终端区航班密度，是从根源上规避航空器误入强对流风险的最可靠高效手段；同步通过专项预案迭代、跨部门流程重构、多源感知体系升级等方式优化全保障链条的协同联动效率，可全面补齐南疆支线机场复杂气象条件下的管制服务能力短板，研究成果可为提升南疆机场雷暴天气下的空管运行安全水平与运行效率提供直接的理论参照与实践指引。

Abstract: Based on the meteorological observation data of the main airports in southern Xinjiang in the past five years, this paper uses statistical analysis methods to systematically study the spatial and temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of thunderstorm weather, and analyzes its impact on flight safety and control operation. The results show that the unique mountain-basin coupling underlying surface conditions in the arid region determine the temporal distribution of thunderstorm activity in the southern Xinjiang airport from April to October (spring to mid-autumn). The initial triggering position, moving path and duration of a single process of thunderstorms in different airports show significant spatial heterogeneity due to the influence of local terrain shielding effect. The operation and control practice of such regional thunderstorms confirms that the most reliable and efficient means to avoid the risk of aircraft mis-entry into strong convection is to take the safety of aircraft operation as the core pre-target, implement dynamic control interval expansion and precise flow control in advance, and reduce the flight density in the terminal area from the operation entrance. Through the iteration of special plans, the reconstruction of cross-departmental processes, and the upgrading of multi-source perception systems, the collaborative linkage efficiency of the full guarantee chain is optimized, which can fully supplement the shortcomings of the control service capacity of the southern Xinjiang regional airport under complex meteorological conditions. The research results can provide direct theoretical reference and practical guidance for improving the safety level and operation efficiency of air traffic control operation under thunderstorm weather at the airports in southern Xinjiang.