单孔腹腔镜在日间手术领域的应用现状

Current Status of the Application of Single-Port Laparoscopy in the Field of Day Surgery

摘要: 日间手术模式与单孔腹腔镜技术的深度融合，是当代微创外科向“更小创伤、更快康复、更佳美观”方向发展的重要趋势。日间手术通过标准化围术期管理路径，实现患者24小时内完成入院、手术及出院，显著提高医疗资源利用效率；单孔腹腔镜则通过单一脐部或自然腔道入路，进一步减少腹壁创伤并提升美容效果。二者结合在保证安全性的前提下可有效加速患者术后康复。本文系统综述单孔腹腔镜的日间手术应用现状，介绍单孔腹腔镜的不同建孔方法及脐部切口选择，分析妇科、肝胆外科、胃肠外科、疝外科、泌尿外科等领域的临床证据，并探讨当前挑战与未来方向。

Abstract: The deep integration of day surgery and single-port laparoscopy represents a major trend in contemporary minimally invasive surgery towards “less trauma, faster recovery, and better cosmesis”. Day surgery, through a standardised perioperative management pathway, allows patients to complete admission, surgery, and discharge within 24 hours, significantly improving the efficiency of healthcare resource utilisation. Single-port laparoscopy, by using a single umbilical or natural-orifice access, further reduces abdominal wall trauma and enhances cosmetic outcomes. The combination of the two approaches can effectively accelerate postoperative recovery while maintaining safety. This article systematically reviews the current status of single-port laparoscopy in day surgery, introduces different methods of port establishment and choices of umbilical incision, analyses clinical evidence in gynaecology, hepatobiliary surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, hernia surgery, and urology, and discusses current challenges and future directions.