功能对等理论在字幕翻译中的应用和局限性

The Application and Limitations of Functional Equivalence Theory in Subtitle Translation

摘要: 目前影视作品已成为各国传播交流文化价值观的重要媒介，也是重要的精神文化载体。影视字幕翻译是一项独特的翻译活动，其中介是影视作品，服务于目标语观众。尤金·奈达的功能对等理论强调读者的感受，包含词汇、句法、文体、篇章四方面的对等。本文从词汇对等、句法对等、文体对等三方面展开论述，分析功能对等理论在字幕翻译中的应用。并在此基础上探寻功能对等理论在影视字幕翻译应用中展现出的局限性，同时借鉴目的论、多模态分析等当代视听翻译研究成果进一步厘清该理论的适用范围，以便译者更好地结合功能对等理论，提高字幕翻译质量。

Abstract: Currently, the film and television works have become an important medium for the dissemination of cultural values and exchange between countries. They also serve as a significant carrier of spiritual and cultural content. Subtitle translation, as a unique form of translation activity, involves the audiovisual work as the intermediary and aims to serve the target language audience. Eugene Nida’s theory of functional equivalence emphasizes the reader’s response, including equivalence in four aspects: vocabulary, syntax, style, and discourse. This paper discusses the application of dynamic equivalence theory in subtitle translation from the perspectives of vocabulary equivalence, syntax equivalence, and style equivalence. It also explores the limitations of the theory in the context of subtitle translation. Drawing on contemporary audiovisual translation studies including Skopos theory and multimodal analysis, this paper further clarifies its applicable boundary. The goal is to help translators better integrate dynamic equivalence theory and enhance the quality of subtitle translation.