辟谣话语的批评性体裁分析

A Critical Genre Analysis of Rumor-Refutation Discourse

摘要: 辟谣话语是提升公众科学素养、维护社会信任的重要话语实践。本文采用Bhatia批评性体裁分析的四维模型，以50篇主流辟谣平台科普语篇为语料，探究辟谣话语特征。研究发现，在语篇层面，主要表现为专业术语的转译与多模态话语的协同运用；在体裁层面，包含谣言呈现、事实澄清、权威背书、科学原理解释和行动建议五个必选语步；在专业实践层面，以融合型篇际互文实现了科学话语与日常话语的结合；在专业文化层面，受科学理性与公共责任伦理驱动，辟谣话语维护了理性的公共秩序。本文拓展了批评性体裁分析的应用领域，为辟谣话语的解读提供了新的分析路径。

Abstract: Rumor-refutation discourse is an important discursive practice for enhancing public scientific literacy and maintaining social trust. Drawing on Bhatia’s four-dimensional model of Critical Genre Analysis and using 50 texts from mainstream rumor-refutation platforms as the corpus, this study explores the characteristics of rumor-refutation discourse. The findings show that at the textual level, it is primarily characterized by the reformulation of technical terms and the synergistic use of multimodal discourse. At the generic level, it encompasses five obligatory moves, including rumor presentation, fact clarification, authoritative endorsement, scientific explanation, and action suggestion. At the level of professional practice, it integrates scientific discourse with everyday discourse through blended interdiscursivity. And at the level of professional culture, driven by scientific rationality and the ethics of public responsibility, rumor-refutation discourse upholds a rational public order. This study extends the application field of Critical Genre Analysis and offers a new analytical approach for interpreting rumor-refutation discourse.