中国青少年非自杀性自伤检出率的元分析
Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Adolescents in China
DOI: 10.12677/ap.2026.169428, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 马燕如, 陈端颖*：湖北医药学院卫生管理与卫生事业发展研究中心，湖北 十堰；郑 仙：十堰市柳林小学心育中心，湖北 十堰；党明英：知行高级中学政教处，湖北 十堰
关键词: 非自杀性自伤；青少年；突发公共卫生事件；双减政策；检出率；元分析；Non-Suicidal Self-Injury； Adolescents； Public Health Emergency； Double Reduction Policy； Prevalence； Meta-Analysis
摘要: 非自杀性自伤在青少年群体中呈高发趋势，已成为重要的公共卫生问题。现有关于中国青少年该行为检出率的研究结果间存在较大差异，尤其是以往突发公共卫生事件及“双减”政策前后自伤检出率的系统性对比分析较为缺乏。为此，本研究旨在通过Meta分析方法系统评估我国青少年非自杀性自伤的检出率并阐明其影响因素。首先在中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science核心合集数据库、PubMed、Embase、PsycINFO中检索2025年3月15日之前公开发表的文献，并通过亚组分析与元回归分析探讨潜在影响因素。最终纳入26项研究，纳入总样本量为131,794人，结果显示，我国青少年非自杀性自伤检出率为33.9% (95%CI = 30.7%~37.2%)，性别、出版年份是非自杀性自伤的关键影响因素，具体而言，女性的非自杀性自伤行为检出率36.1% (95%CI = 32.4%~40.0%)显著高于男性28.8% (95%CI = 25.2%~32.8%)；出版年份显著负向预测非自杀性自伤检出率(b = −0.03, p < 0.05)。本研究不存在明显的发表偏倚，且估计结果具有较高的稳定性。研究表明，我国青少年群体的自伤检出率较高，相较于男性，女性自伤风险更为突出，且出版年份显著负向预测自伤发生率。未来应进一步开展研究，制定有针对性的干预与预防措施，以促进青少年心理健康。
Abstract: Objective: Non-suicidal self-injury exhibits a rising trend among adolescents, emerging as a significant public health concern. Existing studies on the prevalence of this behavior among Chinese youth show considerable variation in findings, particularly lacking systematic comparative analyses of self-injury prevalence before and after past public health emergency and the implementation of the “Double Reduction” policy. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents in China and clarify its influencing factors through meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO for studies published before March 15, 2025. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to explore potential influencing factors. Results: A total of 26 studies with a combined sample size of 131,794 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents was 33.9% (95%CI = 30.7% to 37.2%). Gender and publication year were identified as significant moderators of self-injury prevalence. Specifically, the prevalence of self-injury was significantly higher in females (36.1%, 95%CI = 32.4% to 40.0%) than in males (28.8%, 95%CI = 25.2% to 32.8%). Publication year negatively predicted self-injury prevalence (b = −0.03, p < 0.05). No significant publication bias was detected, and the estimates demonstrated high stability. Conclusion: The findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents in China. Female adolescents are at higher risk of self-injury compared to males, and publication year was found to be a significant negative predictor of self-injury prevalence. Future research should further investigate this issue and inform the development of targeted interventions and prevention strategies to promote adolescent mental health.
文章引用：马燕如, 陈端颖, 郑仙, 党明英 (2026). 中国青少年非自杀性自伤检出率的元分析. 心理学进展, 16(9), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.169428

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