社区老年助餐服务的运行困境与优化路径研究

A Study on the Operational Challenges and Pathways for Optimizing Community Meal Services for the Elderly

摘要: 社区老年助餐服务是居家社区养老体系的重要组成部分，对于缓解高龄、独居及失能老年群体的日常生活压力具有现实意义。近年来，各地助餐服务供给规模不断扩大，但在运行过程中仍普遍存在服务覆盖不足、运营可持续性弱、供给与需求匹配度不高以及多元主体治理乏力等问题，导致助餐服务呈现阶段性扩张与稳定性不足并存的局面。文章将从社区公共服务供给及基层治理的视角出发，梳理社区老年助餐服务的主要模式及运行链条，分析其困境的结构性成因，并提出以优化空间布局提高可达性，完善资金补贴运营机制确保稳定性，推进服务精细化保障满意度以及建立权责明确的协同治理及监督评价体系的对策建议，期望推动社区助餐服务规范化、稳定化发展。

Abstract: Community meal assistance services for the elderly are a vital component of the home-based and community-based elderly care system, playing a practical role in alleviating the daily pressures faced by elderly people who are advanced in years, living alone or with disabilities. In recent years, the scale of meal assistance services has continued to expand across the country; however, issues such as insufficient service coverage, weak operational sustainability, a poor match between supply and demand, and ineffective multi-stakeholder governance remain widespread. This has resulted in a situation where the services exhibit both phased expansion and a lack of stability. This article examines community meal support services for the elderly from the perspectives of public service provision and grassroots governance. It outlines the primary models and operational chains of these services, analyses the structural causes of their challenges, and proposes a set of recommendations. These include optimizing spatial planning to improve accessibility, refining funding and subsidy mechanisms to ensure operational stability, promoting refined service delivery to enhance satisfaction, and establishing a collaborative governance framework with clearly defined responsibilities, alongside a robust monitoring and evaluation system. The aim is to foster the standardized and stable development of community meal support services.