城市独居老年人的生活风险与社区支持机制研究

Research on the Living Risks of Urban Elderly Living Alone and the Community Support Mechanism

摘要: 在人口老龄化、家庭小型化和城市生活方式转型的背景下，城市独居老年人逐渐成为养老服务和基层治理中需要重点关注的群体。独居并不必然意味着困境，但由于家庭照护资源不足、邻里关系弱化、社区服务供给有限，部分独居老年人在日常照料、健康管理、居家安全、精神慰藉和社会参与等方面面临多重生活风险。城市独居老年人的风险具有隐蔽性、复合性和突发性特征，仅依靠家庭支持或单一养老服务难以有效应对。因此，有必要以社区为基础，构建精准识别、定期探访、应急响应、精神慰藉、邻里互助和多元主体协同参与的支持机制。通过完善社区支持网络，可以降低独居老年人的生活风险，提升其安全感、归属感和晚年生活质量。

Abstract: In the context of an aging population, shrinking families, and the transformation of urban lifestyles, urban elderly individuals living alone have gradually become a group that requires particular attention in terms of elderly care services and grassroots governance. Living alone does not necessarily mean being in a difficult situation. However, due to insufficient family care resources, weakened neighborhood relationships, and limited community service provision, some elderly individuals living alone face multiple life risks in areas such as daily care, health management, home safety, spiritual comfort, and social participation. The risks faced by urban elderly individuals living alone have characteristics of concealment, complexity, and suddenness. Relying solely on family support or single elderly care services is insufficient to effectively address these risks. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a support mechanism based on the community, including precise identification, regular visits, emergency response, spiritual comfort, neighborhood assistance, and collaborative participation of multiple entities. By improving the community support network, the risks for elderly individuals living alone can be reduced, and their sense of security, belonging, and quality of life in old age can be enhanced.