老龄化背景下老年群体“数字鸿沟”的社会学审视与治理路径

A Sociological Examination of the Digital Divide among the Elderly in the Context of Population Aging and Pathways for Governance

摘要: 在人口深度老龄化与社会全面数字化双重变革叠加的时代背景下，老年群体面临的数字鸿沟不再是简单的个人技术落后问题，而是多重因素交织形成的结构性社会排斥现象。伴随数字技术全面渗透公共服务、日常消费与社会参与场景，数字应用能力已然成为民众享受基础社会资源的重要前提。生理机能衰退、认知模式固化、城乡资源差异以及代际支持弱化等多重因素，共同造成了老年群体的数字融入困境。本文以社会排斥理论与文化反哺理论为核心分析框架，结合三级数字鸿沟划分体系，从社会学视角系统阐释老年数字鸿沟的现实表现、形成逻辑。同时辩证看待文化反哺在代际帮扶中的价值与现实局限，立足当前学界研究的薄弱之处，搭建多维度协同治理框架，提出贴合社会现实、具备落地性的治理路径，以期推动老年群体数字融入，助力全龄友好型数字社会建设。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of overlapping transformations of deep population aging and comprehensive social digitalization, the digital divide confronting the elderly is no longer a mere issue of individual backwardness in technical skills, but a structural social exclusion resulted from intertwined multiple factors. As digital technologies have fully penetrated public services, daily consumption and social participation, digital literacy has become an essential prerequisite for citizens to access basic social resources. Deteriorating physical functions, rigid cognitive patterns, urban-rural resource gaps and weakened intergenerational support jointly trap senior citizens in difficulties of digital inclusion. Taking the social exclusion theory and cultural feedback theory as the core analytical framework and combining the three-tier classification system of digital divide, this paper systematically elaborates the manifestations and formative logic of the elderly digital divide from a sociological perspective. It also dialectically analyzes the values and practical limitations of cultural feedback in intergenerational assistance. Based on existing research gaps in academic circles, this study constructs a multi-dimensional collaborative governance system and puts forward practical governance measures adapted to social realities, so as to advance the digital inclusion of the elderly and facilitate the construction of an age-friendly digital society.