中小学生显性与隐性校园欺凌实施的关联因素研究
Factors Associated with Overt and Covert School Bullying Perpetration among Primary and Secondary School Students
DOI: 10.12677/sa.2026.159212, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 谢梦晓, 胡春梅*, 张文婷, 陈 艺：重庆文理学院心理健康教育与咨询中心，重庆；潘其兰：重庆市永川区兴龙湖中学校，重庆
关键词: 校园欺凌；显性欺凌；隐性欺凌；感觉寻求；自控力；School Bullying； Overt Bullying； Covert Bullying； Sensation Seeking； Self-Control
摘要: 目的：探讨中小学生显性与隐性校园欺凌实施的关联因素，为校园欺凌分类防治和精准干预提供依据。方法：采用整群抽样方法抽取重庆市4136名小学四年级到初中三年级学生参与问卷调查。采用χ2检验及二元Logistic回归分析显性与隐性欺凌实施的关联因素。结果：中小学生显性欺凌实施率为28.2%，显著高于隐性欺凌实施率8.6% (χ2 = 525.67, P < 0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示，男生(显性：OR = 2.030，95% CI：1.748~2.356；隐性：OR = 1.661，95% CI：1.313~2.100)和感觉寻求(显性：OR = 1.092，95% CI：1.061~1.124；隐性：OR = 1.085，95% CI：1.041~1.131)与显性/隐性欺凌实施均呈正向关联；自控力(显性：OR = 0.874，95% CI：0.859~0.889；隐性：OR = 0.868，95% CI：0.846~0.891)和家庭欺凌防治教育(显性：OR = 0.865，95% CI：0.786~0.951；隐性：OR = 0.834，95% CI：0.735~0.946)与显性/隐性欺凌实施均呈负向关联；学校欺凌防治教育仅与隐性欺凌实施呈负向关联(OR = 0.790, 95% CI: 0.654~0.956)。结论：显性与隐性校园欺凌实施存在共同关联因素，但学校欺凌防治教育仅与隐性欺凌存在负向关联。校园欺凌防治应坚持分类治理与精准干预相结合，强化家庭–学校协同育人，合理引导学生的感觉寻求和自控力培养。
Abstract: Objective: To explore factors associated with overt and covert school bullying perpetration among primary and secondary school students and to provide evidence for classified prevention and targeted intervention. Methods: A total of 4136 students from Grade 4 in primary school to Grade 9 in junior high school completed questionnaires. Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were adopted to analyze the correlated factors of perpetrating overt and covert bullying. Results: The perpetration rate of overt school bullying among primary and secondary school students was 28.2%, significantly higher than the 8.6%rate of covert school bullying (χ2 = 525.67, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender (overt bullying: OR = 2.030, 95% CI: 1.748~2.356; covert bullying: OR = 1.661, 95% CI: 1.313~2.100)and sensation seeking (overt bullying: OR = 1.092, 95% CI: 1.061~1.124; covert bullying: OR = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.041~1.131) were positively correlated with perpetrating both overt and covert bullying. Self-control (overt bullying: OR = 0.874, 95% CI: 0.859~0.889; covert bullying: OR = 0.868, 95% CI: 0.846~0.891) and family anti-bullying education (overt bullying: OR = 0.865, 95% CI: 0.786~0.951; covert bullying: OR = 0.834, 95% CI: 0.735~0.946) were negatively correlated with perpetrating both types of bullying. School anti-bullying education was only negatively correlated with perpetrating covert bullying (OR = 0.790, 95% CI: 0.654~0.956). Conclusion: Overt and covert school bullying share common associated factors, whereas school anti-bullying education is only negatively associated with covert bullying perpetration. Prevention efforts should integrate classified governance with targeted intervention, strengthen collaboration between families and schools, provide appropriate guidance for students with high sensation-seeking tendencies, and promote the development of self-control.
文章引用：谢梦晓, 胡春梅, 潘其兰, 张文婷, 陈艺. 中小学生显性与隐性校园欺凌实施的关联因素研究[J]. 统计学与应用, 2026, 15(9): 122-130. https://doi.org/10.12677/sa.2026.159212

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