公共产品理论视角下家庭教育的产品属性分析

Analysis of the Product Attributes of Family Education

摘要: 在家庭教育日益受到各界重视的背景下，关注点从分析学校和社会等公共场域的教育产品属性，开始转向分析家庭私人场域的教育产品属性。研究发现，家庭教育产品属性既包含直接产品属性和间接产品属性，也包括私人产品属性和公共产品属性，具有准公共产品属性。直接产品主要体现为家庭的原生环境，涵盖家庭氛围、教育方式，以及所能提供的各类教育资源。而间接产品则主要表现为，经良好家庭教育熏陶后，孩子身上所积累形成的人力资本，每个孩子在自身实现提升的同时，也会促使全社会的效用得到增进。基于公共产品理论来剖析，家庭教育的产品属性可被归类于准公共产品属性范畴。其中，家庭教育的直接产品，其属性更趋近于私人产品；而间接产品属性，则更偏向于公共产品。家庭教育作为教育的起点，是教育生态系统不可或缺的一环，为学校教育与社会教育筑牢了根基。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of growing attention to family education from all sectors, the focus has shifted from analyzing the educational product attributes in public domains such as schools and society to analyzing those in the private domain of the family. Research indicates that the product attributes of family education encompass both direct and indirect product attributes, as well as private and public product attributes, characterizing it as a quasi-public good. Direct products are primarily reflected in the original family environment, encompassing the family atmosphere, educational methods, and the various educational resources it can provide. Indirect products, on the other hand, are mainly manifested in the human capital accumulated and formed in children through exposure to sound family education. While each child achieves self-improvement, this also contributes to the enhancement of overall social utility. Based on public goods theory, the product attributes of family education can be categorized as quasi-public goods. Among these, the direct products of family education lean more towards private goods, whereas the indirect product attributes tend towards public goods. As the starting point of education, family education is an indispensable part of the educational ecosystem, laying a solid foundation for school education and social education.