高等学校本科生就业核心能力优化路径研究——以西部某高校为例

A Study on Pathways for Optimizing Core Employment Competencies among Undergraduate Students in Higher Education Institutions—A Case Study of a University in Western China

摘要: 高校毕业生就业核心能力是衡量人才培养质量的关键指标，其结构与水平直接关系到人才供给与区域经济社会发展需求的匹配度。本研究以西部某综合性大学为案例，通过实证调查探讨本科生就业核心能力的现状、结构性困境及其优化路径。研究发现：首先，学生整体就业核心能力自评处于中等水平，其中“沟通与跨文化交流”“创新与项目实践”等复合型能力尤为薄弱，呈现显著的“软技能短板”；其次，学生在区域流向上存在“培养地”与“服务地”的张力，仅少数学生明确表达服务本区域的意愿；再次，个体专业认同不足、学校培养体系与区域产业衔接不畅、就业信息壁垒等构成能力发展的多重制约因素。为此，研究提出以“区域需求嵌入”为核心的人才培养模式重构、完善“政–校–地”协同育人机制、建立动态能力评价反馈体系、加强文化认同教育等优化路径。这些路径旨在通过系统性改革破解能力培养的结构性矛盾，为西部高校提升本科生就业竞争力、精准服务区域发展提供理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: The core employability competencies of college graduates serve as a critical indicator of talent cultivation quality, and their structure and level directly affect the alignment between talent supply and regional socioeconomic development needs. Taking a comprehensive university in Western China as a case study, this research employs empirical surveys to examine the current status, structural challenges, and optimization pathways regarding undergraduate students’ core employment competencies. The findings reveal that: students’ overall self-evaluation of core employability competencies is at a moderate level, with composite competencies such as “cross-cultural communication” and “innovative practice” being particularly weak, indicating a significant “soft skills gap”; there exists a tension between the location of talent cultivation and service orientation, as only a minority of students explicitly express willingness to serve the local region; multiple constraining factors—including insufficient professional identity at the individual level, poor alignment between the university’s training system and regional industries, and employment information barriers—collectively hinder competency development. Accordingly, this study proposes optimization pathways centered on embedding regional needs into talent cultivation models, improving government-university-local collaborative education mechanisms, establishing dynamic competency assessment and feedback systems, and strengthening cultural identity education. These pathways aim to address structural mismatches in competency cultivation through systemic reforms, providing theoretical foundations and practical references for Western Chinese universities to enhance graduate employability and precisely serve regional development.