虚实融通、人机协同：AI赋能高职单片机“三阶递进、双线混融”教学改革探索

Integration of Virtual and Practical Learning, Human-Machine Collaboration: Exploration of AI-Empowered Teaching Reform for Microcontroller Course in Higher Vocation Education through a “Three-Stage Progressive, Dual-Track Integration” Approach

摘要: 针对高职单片机课程长期存在的硬件依赖度高、编程反馈滞后、项目创新不足等结构性困境，本文以“虚实融通、人机协同”为核心理念，构建了“基础认知–综合应用–创新拓展”三阶递进的教学模型，并通过线上AI (人工智能)助学与线下项目实战双线混融的方式落地实施。改革以某高职院校工业机器人技术专业两个平行班为对象开展准实验研究，实验班期末项目优良率较对照班提升23.3%，学生自我效能感正向认同度提高33.2%。AI平台行为数据表明，学困生人均提问次数为学优生的2.3倍，验证了AI助学系统对基础薄弱群体具有显著的补偿性支持。本文同时就AI依赖风险防控及校本化资源建设等议题进行了讨论，为高职电子信息及自动化类课程的教学改革提供了可参照的系统方案。

Abstract: To address the long-standing structural challenges in microcontroller course for higher vocational education, such as heavy reliance on hardware, delayed feedback of programs, and a lack of innovation in practice projects, this paper adopts the core concept of “integration of virtual and practical learning, and human-machine collaboration” to construct a three-stage progressive teaching model comprising “basic understanding-comprehensive application-innovative expansion”. This model is implemented through a blended approach combining online AI (Artificial Intelligence)-assisted learning with offline hands-on project work. The reform involved a quasi-experimental study conducted on two parallel classes in the Industrial Robot Technology program at a vocational college. Compared to the control class, the rate of excellent and good grades on the end-of-term project in the experimental class increased by 23.3%, and the proportion of students positively endorsing their self-efficacy rose by 33.2%. Behavioral data from the AI platform showed that students with learning difficulties asked 2.3 times as many questions per person as high-achieving students, validating the AI-assisted learning system’s significant compensatory support for students with weaker foundational knowledge. This paper also discusses issues such as the prevention and control of AI dependency risks and the development of school-based resources, providing a systematic reference framework for teaching reforms in higher vocational education courses related to electronic information and automation.