共同治理视域下市域产教联合体的关系协调机制——基于利益相关者理论的分析

Relational Coordination Mechanism of Municipal Industry-Education Consortium from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance—An Analysis Based on Stakeholder Theory

摘要: 市域产教联合体是深化职业教育产教融合的重要组织载体，但实践中普遍面临“合而不融”“联而不实”的困境。已有研究多从共生理论、场域理论等视角分析联合体的结构特征与建设路径，但对多元主体之间“如何协调”这一核心问题缺乏系统的机制解释。本文以利益相关者理论为分析工具，聚焦于弗里曼所称的“交易层面”，从契约、信息、利益三个维度构建市域产教联合体关系协调的分析框架。研究发现，联合体的运行困境本质上是多元主体利益冲突的制度化表达；契约协调通过正式协议明确各方权利义务，提供合作的规则基础；信息协调通过打通“需求–供给”的信息壁垒，提升合作效率；利益协调通过制度化的利益分配与风险分担，为合作注入持续动力。三项机制相互嵌套、协同发力，共同推动联合体从“松散联结”走向“共同治理”。三维框架的理论意义在于，将利益相关者理论从“识别与分类”引向“关系协调”的具体机制分析，为理解市域产教联合体的内部运行提供了一个新的分析视角。

Abstract: The municipal industry-education consortium is an important organizational carrier for deepening the integration of industry and education in vocational education, yet in practice it faces the persistent dilemma of “integration without integration” and “alliance without substance”. Existing studies have analyzed the structural characteristics and construction pathways of the consortium from perspectives such as symbiosis theory and field theory, but lack a systematic mechanism-based explanation of the core question of “how to coordinate” among multiple stakeholders. This paper adopts stakeholder theory as an analytical tool, focusing on what Freeman terms the “transactional level”, and constructs an analytical framework for relational coordination in the municipal industry-education consortium from three dimensions: contract, information, and interest. The study finds that the operational dilemma of the consortium is essentially an institutionalized expression of interest conflicts among multiple stakeholders. Contractual coordination provides the rule foundation for cooperation by clarifying the rights and obligations of all parties through formal agreements; information coordination enhances cooperative efficiency by breaking down the information barriers between “demand” and “supply”; interest coordination sustains the driving force for cooperation through institutionalized interest distribution and risk-sharing mechanisms. The three mechanisms are mutually reinforcing and work synergistically to propel the consortium from “loose alliance” toward “collaborative governance”. The theoretical significance of this three-dimensional framework lies in extending stakeholder theory from “identification and classification” to the concrete mechanism analysis of “relational coordination”, offering a new analytical perspective for understanding the internal operation of the municipal industry-education consortium.