煤矿井下防冲击疏排水过滤系统的设计与工程应用

Design and Engineering Application of an Impact-Resistant Drainage and Filtration System for Underground Coal Mines

摘要: 针对煤矿井下污水排放过程中因瞬时冲击力过大导致沉淀池损坏、沉淀效果不佳的技术难题，本文以后安煤矿为工程背景，设计了一种煤矿防冲击疏排水过滤装置。该装置通过在沉淀池前设置沉淀物收集池和渣浆泵，对高浊度来水进行预处理和负荷分配，并采用三级沉淀池呈台阶状布置，结合倾斜式沉淀物排泄槽和风管疏通系统，实现了污水分级沉淀与高效过滤。实际运行表明，该装置可将进水悬浮物(SS)从500~3000 mg/L降至100 mg/L以下，抗冲击负荷能力提升50%以上，清淤人工成本降低约70%。本研究为煤矿井下污水处理提供了一种结构简单、运行可靠、防冲效果显著的技术方案。

Abstract: Aiming at the technical problem of damaged sedimentation tanks and poor sedimentation efficiency caused by excessive instantaneous impact force during underground sewage discharge in coal mines, this paper takes Hou’an Coal Mine as the engineering background and designs an impact-resistant drainage and filtration device for coal mines. The device implements pre-treatment and load distribution for high-turbidity influent by installing a sediment collection tank and a slurry pump upstream of the sedimentation tank. It adopts a three-stage stepped sedimentation tank configuration, combined with an inclined sediment discharge chute and an air duct dredging system, to realize graded sedimentation and high-efficiency filtration of sewage. Field operation results show that the device can reduce influent suspended solids (SS) from 500~3000 mg/L to below 100 mg/L. The impact load resistance capacity is improved by more than 50%, and the manual desilting cost is reduced by approximately 70%. This study provides a technical solution with simple structure, reliable operation and remarkable anti-impact performance for underground coal mine wastewater treatment.