采煤沉陷区“纳米膜漂浮水稻”种植方法研究

Study on Planting Method of “Nano-Membrane Floating Rice” in Coal Mining Subsidence Areas

摘要: 针对采煤沉陷水域污染及传统浮床水稻栽培中基质养分易淋失、规模化布设稳定性不足等问题，本研究提出纳米膜–漂浮水稻复合栽培模式，以兼顾水域生态修复与失地复耕需求。研究构建6 m × 4 m标准化浮床单元，由3块6 m × 1 m浮板通过不锈钢紧固件拼装，并采用DN50 PE热熔管材围焊加固；在种植杯底部铺设纳米核孔膜，配合1 cm陶粒层和上层栽培基质，形成“纳米膜阻渗–陶粒吸附–基质供养”的复合控水保肥结构。田间采用5个浮床单元连片布设，并通过水泥锚墩六点锚固和之字形排列，提高浮床抗风浪及适应水位波动的能力。同时，配套集中育苗、无人机植保、诱虫灯防虫和叶面补肥等管护措施。结果表明，该模式利用纳米膜透水阻肥特性及陶粒对氮、磷的吸附缓释作用，可有效减少养分淋失，降低水体总氮、总磷含量，并提升溶解氧水平，为采煤沉陷区水面复耕和水体生态修复提供了可行技术路径。

Abstract: To address water pollution in coal-mining subsidence areas and the limitations of traditional floating-bed rice cultivation, including severe nutrient leaching from the substrate and insufficient stability for large-scale deployment, this study proposed a nano-membrane-floating rice cultivation system that integrates aquatic ecological restoration with reclaimed land production. A standardized floating-bed module measuring 6 m × 4 m was constructed using three 6 m × 1 m flotation boards assembled with stainless-steel fasteners and reinforced by DN50 PE hot-melt pipes. At the bottom of each planting cup, a nano-scale nuclear pore membrane was installed, together with a 1 cm ceramsite layer and an upper cultivation substrate, forming a composite water-retention and nutrient-preservation structure characterized by “membrane seepage control-ceramsite adsorption-substrate supply”. In the field, five modules were deployed in a contiguous pattern and anchored with a six-point cement mooring system in a zigzag arrangement to enhance resistance to wind and wave disturbances and water-level fluctuations. In addition, a management system including centralized seedling raising, UAV-based pest control, insect-trap lamps, and foliar fertilization was implemented. The results indicate that the proposed system, by combining the water-permeable but nutrient-retentive properties of the nano-membrane with the adsorption and slow-release effects of ceramsite on nitrogen and phosphorus, effectively reduced nutrient loss, lowered total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in the water body, and increased dissolved oxygen levels. This approach provides a feasible technical pathway for both water-surface reclamation and aquatic ecological restoration in coal-mining subsidence areas.