人机协同视域下非接触式脑机接口产业的非对称超越路径

Asymmetric Pathways to Breakthroughs in the Non-Contact Brain-Computer Interface Industry from the Perspective of Human-Machine Collaboration

摘要: 新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在推动机器由劳动资料向具有感知、计算和反馈能力的协同参与者转变，传统社会分工理论因而面临新的解释边界。本文以人机协同为视角，在梳理人机关系由机械替代、信息交互向智能协同演进的基础上，提出人机协同分工概念，并从认知分工对认知交互的结构性需求出发，论证脑机接口成为战略性新兴产业的重要逻辑。进一步引入空间生产理论，构建创新主体关系空间的分析框架，考察脑机接口技术演进对科研、临床、制造、平台和应用主体关系的重组作用。研究表明，脑机接口由侵入式向非侵入式、非接触式和多模态方向演进，使创新主体关系由科研临床中心型逐步转向跨产业网络型，为我国依托智能感知、集成电路、人工智能、先进制造和应用场景优势实现非对称超越提供了新的可能。通过比较无锡与北京、上海、深圳等城市的能力结构，本文提出无锡应以非侵入式脑机接口为技术基础，以非接触式脑机接口为前沿方向，依托物联网、智能传感、集成电路和系统集成优势，强化跨区域科研临床协同与本地场景验证，形成差异化的产业发展路径。

Abstract: A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is driving machines to evolve from mere tools of labor into collaborative participants with sensing, computing, and feedback capabilities, thereby presenting new interpretive challenges for traditional theories of the division of labor. From the perspective of human-machine collaboration, this paper traces the evolution of the human-machine relationship from mechanical substitution and information exchange to intelligent collaboration. Based on this analysis, it introduces the concept of collaborative division of labor between humans and machines and, drawing on the structural requirements of cognitive interaction for cognitive division of labor, argues the key rationale for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) becoming a strategic emerging industry. Furthermore, by incorporating spatial production theory, the paper constructs an analytical framework for the relational space of innovation actors and examines how the evolution of BCI technology reshapes the relationships among research, clinical, manufacturing, platform, and application actors. The study indicates that the evolution of brain-computer interfaces from invasive to non-invasive, non-contact, and multimodal technologies is gradually shifting the relationships among innovation actors from a research and clinical center-oriented model to a cross-industry network-oriented model. This provides new possibilities for China to achieve asymmetric leapfrog development by leveraging its strengths in intelligent sensing, integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, advanced manufacturing, and application scenarios. By comparing the capability structures of Wuxi with those of cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, this paper proposes that Wuxi should take non-invasive brain-computer interfaces as its technological foundation and non-contact interfaces as its frontier direction. Leveraging its strengths in the Internet of Things, intelligent sensing, integrated circuits, and systems integration, Wuxi should strengthen cross-regional scientific research and clinical collaboration as well as local scenario validation to forge a differentiated industrial development path.