肺结核患者病耻感及其心理社会影响因素研究进展

Research Progress on Stigma and Its Psychosocial Influencing Factors in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

摘要: 肺结核(PTB)是由结核分枝杆菌引起的慢性传染病。诊疗技术提升改善了疗效，但病耻感仍严重影响患者康复。病耻感源于疾病传染性及公众认知不足，可致社交减少、心理苦恼及社会功能受损。疾病特征、社会环境、家庭支持及心理因素均影响病耻感水平，应对方式在心理社会适应中起关键作用。本文综述肺结核患者病耻感的概念、表现、影响因素及其与应对方式、社交回避和心理苦恼的关系，旨在为结核心理干预提供证据基础，并推动“身心整合”护理理念在结核病管理中的应用。

Abstract: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have improved clinical outcomes, stigma remains a significant barrier to patient recovery. Stigma in PTB patients arises from the contagious nature of the disease and insufficient public awareness, potentially leading to reduced social interaction, heightened psychological distress, and impaired social functioning. Recent research has identified multiple influencing factors of stigma, including disease characteristics, socio-cultural environment, family support, and individual psychological factors, with coping styles playing a critical role in psychosocial adaptation. This review synthesizes current evidence on the concept, manifestations, and influencing factors of stigma in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, as well as its relationships with coping styles, social avoidance, and psychological distress. The findings aim to provide an evidence base for psychological interventions in tuberculosis care and to promote the integration of “mind-body” nursing approaches into tuberculosis management.