零工经济视域下产业后备军的再思考

Rethinking the Industrial Reserve Army in the Context of the Gig Economy

摘要: 当代产业后备军的形态与运作逻辑转变，是理解资本积累过程与雇佣关系的核心基础。本文依托马克思产业后备军理论，结合零工经济的发展特征，重新梳理了当代产业后备军的形态变化，剖析其运作逻辑的调整方向，探讨零工经济下产业后备军的当代境遇，最终探寻实现其解放的可能路径。研究认为，当代产业后备军正经历从传统失业群体向广泛社会阶层扩散的结构性转型。在零工经济作用的凸显下，当代产业后备军的形成不再仅依靠劳动力市场的供求波动，而是同时发生在就业状态内部与家庭再生产领域之中。这一双重隐匿，也让“后备”从一种固定身份转变为一种持续处境。

Abstract: The transformation in the form and operational logic of the contemporary industrial reserve army constitutes the core foundation for understanding the process of capital accumulation and employment relations. Drawing on Marx’s theory of the industrial reserve army and incorporating the developmental features of the gig economy, this paper re-examines the evolving forms of the contemporary industrial reserve army, analyzes the reorientation of its operational logic, explores the contemporary conditions under which it emerges within the gig economy, and ultimately investigates potential pathways toward its emancipation. This study argues that the contemporary industrial reserve army is undergoing a structural transition, expanding from its traditional base among the unemployed to a broader diffusion across diverse social strata. With the growing prominence of the gig economy, the formation of the contemporary industrial reserve army is no longer determined solely by fluctuations in labor market supply and demand; rather, it takes place simultaneously within the sphere of employment itself and within the domain of family reproduction. This dual process of invisibilization has transformed the notion of “reserve” from a fixed identity into a persistent condition.