平台语境下无偿数字劳动的异化表征、生成逻辑与治理路径

Alienation Manifestations, Generative Logic, and Governance Pathways of Unpaid Digital Labor in the Platform Context

摘要: 在数字平台快速发展的背景下，社交媒体用户的内容生产、互动行为与行为数据被平台无偿占有并转化为具有价值增殖功能的无偿数字劳动。本文以马克思异化劳动理论四重维度为分析视角，结合本土社交媒体场景，考察这一现象的具体表现与形成原因，并专门讨论数字劳动中愉悦体验与被控制并存的悖论，由此探讨数字劳动对经典异化概念的扩展。研究发现，平台语境下的无偿数字劳动呈现出用户数据与内容分离、劳动过程算法化、自主活动工具化、社会关系数字联结化四重异化表征；其生成是平台资本增殖逻辑、算法技术不透明、用户权利边界模糊与流量导向共同作用的结果。在此基础上，本文从界定数据产权归属、建立算法审计制度、保障用户权利行使、改善平台流量分配规则等方面探讨治理路径，为理解数字劳动异化问题提供一种分析思路。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the rapid development of digital platforms, social media users’ content production, interactive behaviors, and behavioral data are appropriated by platforms without compensation and transformed into unpaid digital labor with value-augmenting functions. Taking the four dimensions of Marx’s theory of alienated labor as an analytical framework and drawing on domestic social media contexts, this paper examines the concrete manifestations and causes of this phenomenon. It also focuses on the paradoxical coexistence of pleasurable experiences and being controlled in digital labor, thereby exploring how digital labor expands the classical concept of alienation. The study finds that unpaid digital labor in the platform context exhibits four forms of alienation: the separation of user data from content, the algorithmization of the labor process, the instrumentalization of autonomous activities, and the digital interconnectedness of social relations. Its emergence results from the combined effects of the valorization logic of platform capital, the opacity of algorithmic technologies, ambiguous boundaries surrounding user rights, and traffic orientation. On this basis, the paper explores governance pathways, including clarifying the ownership of data property rights, establishing an algorithmic audit system, safeguarding the exercise of user rights, and improving platform traffic-distribution rules, thereby providing an analytical approach to understanding the alienation of digital labor.