弗洛姆与马克思主义自由观的差异——基于《逃避自由》的研究

The Differences between Fromm’s and Marxist Conceptions of Freedom—A Study Based on Escape from Freedom

摘要: 自由是人类永恒的价值追求，现代性进程中自由的异化与困境成为学界关注的核心议题。弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中基于法兰克福学派的批判立场，剖析了资本主义社会中“逃避自由”的现象及其根源；马克思主义则从历史唯物主义视角，构建了以人的解放为核心的自由观体系。本文以两者自由观的差异为研究核心，先分别阐释弗洛姆自由观与马克思主义自由观的核心内涵，再探析两者的理论联系与本质区别，以马克思主义的自由观对弗洛姆的自由观的局限性进行解释与克服，最终形成二者互补的理论体系。

Abstract: Freedom is a timeless value pursued by humanity, and the alienation and predicaments of freedom in the process of modernity have become central topics of academic attention. In Escape from Freedom, Fromm, drawing on the critical stance of the Frankfurt School, analyzes the phenomenon of “escape from freedom” in capitalist society and its root causes; Marxism, from the perspective of historical materialism, has constructed a system of concepts regarding freedom centered on human emancipation. This paper focuses on the differences between these two conceptions of freedom. It first elucidates the core tenets of Fromm’s and Marxist conceptions of freedom, respectively, then examines their theoretical connections and fundamental distinctions. By applying the Marxist conception of freedom, it explains and overcomes the limitations of Fromm’s conception, ultimately forming a complementary theoretical framework.