电子商务平台用工视阈下算法自动化决策拒绝权的治理规则研究

Research on the Governance Rules of Algorithm Automated Decision-Making Refusal Right from the Perspective of Employment on E-Commerce Platform

摘要: 数字经济时代，电子商务平台依托算法自动化决策重构用工模式，劳动者在数据化管理中面临主体地位虚化、权益保障弱化的双重困境。算法以效率为导向对电商劳动全流程实施精准管控，形成数字泰勒主义式治理结构，导致劳动者陷入“系统依附”困境。面对算法权力扩张带来的权益失衡风险，现行立法虽已为个体抵御算法侵害提供了制度基础，但相关规则在电子商务场景中的适用存在规则模糊、适配性不足等问题。本文立足电子商务平台用工特性，着重从外卖骑手出发，从权益界定、影响判定、决策审查三维度重构算法自动化决策拒绝权的治理规则，明确电商场景下“个人权益”的数字劳动内涵、“重大影响”的电商场景判定标准、“仅自动化决策”的实质性审查边界，平衡平台运营效率与劳动者数字权益，完善电子商务算法治理的制度体系。

Abstract: In the era of digital economy, e-commerce platforms rely on algorithmic automated decision-making to reconstruct the employment model, and workers face the dual dilemma of weakening the main position and weakening the protection of rights and interests in data management. The algorithm is efficiency-oriented to implement precise control over the whole process of e-commerce labor, forming a digital Taylorist governance structure, resulting in workers falling into the dilemma of “system dependence”. In the face of the risk of imbalance of rights and interests brought about by the expansion of algorithmic power, although the current legislation has provided an institutional basis for individuals to resist algorithmic infringement, the application of relevant rules in e-commerce scenarios has problems such as vague rules and insufficient adaptability. Based on the employment characteristics of e-commerce platforms, this paper focuses on starting from the takeaway rider, reconstructing the governance rules of algorithmic automatic decision-making refusal rights from the three-dimensional perspective of rights and interests definition, impact judgment, and decision review, clarifying the digital labor connotation of “personal rights and interests” in e-commerce scenarios, the judgment criteria of e-commerce scenarios with “significant impact”, and the substantive review boundaries of “automated decision-making only”, balancing platform operation efficiency and workers’ digital rights and interests, and improving the institutional system of e-commerce algorithm governance.