体育活动与初中生一般自我效能感的关系——主观锻炼体验的平行中介作用

The Relationship between Physical Activity and General Self-Efficacy among Junior High School Students: The Parallel Mediating Role of Subjective Exercise Experience

摘要: 目的：探讨主观锻炼体验在体育活动与初中生一般自我效能感的关联中的平行中介作用，为促进初中生身心健康发展提供依据。方法：采用方便抽样原则，在全国七大地理区域的11个城市抽取2747名初中生，采用问卷测量学生的体育活动、锻炼情感体验和一般自我效能感。采用Pearson相关性分析、回归分析和PROCESS 4.2中的模型4，探究体育活动与初中生一般自我效能感的关联。结果：Pearson相关性分析结果显示体育活动、积极幸福感、心理困扰、疲劳和一般自我效能之间存在显著相关(P < 0.01)。回归分析结果显示，体育活动对主观锻炼体验的三个维度和一般自我效能感的关联均显著(P < 0.01)。平行中介作用分析结果显示，积极幸福感和疲劳感作为中介作用显著(P < 0.01)，心理困扰作为中介变量不显著(P > 0.05)。结论：主观锻炼体验的积极幸福感和疲劳在体育活动与初中生一般自我效能感的关联中起到平行中介作用。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the parallel mediating role of subjective exercise experience in the relationship between physical activity and general self-efficacy among junior high school students, thereby providing a basis for promoting their physical and mental health development. Methods: From October to November 2025, using the convenience sampling principle, 2747 junior high school students were recruited from 11 cities across the seven major geographical regions of China; questionnaires were then administered to measure students’ physical activity levels, their emotional experiences related to physical exercise, and their general self-efficacy. Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, and Model 4 from PROCESS 4.2 software were employed to examine the association between physical activity and general self-efficacy among junior high school students. Results: The Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations among physical activity, positive well-being, psychological distress, fatigue, and general self-efficacy (P < 0.01). The regression analysis demonstrated that physical activity was significantly associated with all three dimensions of subjective exercise experience as well as with general self-efficacy (P < 0.01). The parallel mediation analysis indicated that positive well-being and fatigue served as significant mediators (P < 0.01), whereas psychological distress did not serve as a significant mediator (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Positive well-being and fatigue within subjective exercise experience play a parallel mediating role in the relationship between physical activity and general self-efficacy among junior high school students.