基于哈特曼传感器的激光波前高精度检测方法研究

Research on High-Precision Laser Wavefront Detection Method Based on Hartmann Sensor

摘要: 针对哈特曼传感器在激光光束质量检测过程中动态范围小、精度低的问题，本文提出一种基于边缘检测与灰度加权融合的激光光斑阵列质心检测方法，首先通过Canny算子进行图像的边缘信息检测，采用Hough变换方法判定有效激光光斑轮廓，并结合灰度加权方法提升光斑质心检测精度。本文通过数值仿真分析哈特曼传感器的理想波前图像和包含噪声波前图像，并从光斑质心检测准确度和波前重构精度两个方面进行分析。实验表明，相比较传统的质心检测方法，本文提出的方法可在复杂背景下实现激光波前光斑阵列质心的精确检出，在波前重构方面有显著的性能优势，为激光波前检测和应用领域提供了技术支撑。

Abstract: To address the limitations of Shack-Hartmann sensors including narrow dynamic range and low measurement precision in laser beam quality testing, this paper proposes a centroid detection method for laser spot arrays based on edge detection and grayscale weighted fusion. First, the Canny operator is utilized to extract edge information from images. An improved Hough transform algorithm is proposed to identify contours of valid laser spots, and the grayscale weighting strategy is combined to boost the localization precision of spot centroids. Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze ideal wavefront images and noise-disturbed wavefront images captured by Shack-Hartmann sensors. Quantitative analyses are performed from two perspectives: the detection accuracy of spot centroids and the precision of wavefront reconstruction. Experimental results verify that compared with traditional centroid detection algorithms, the proposed method can accurately extract centroids of laser wavefront spot arrays under complex background conditions and exhibits prominent performance advantages in wavefront reconstruction. This research provides solid technical support for laser wavefront detection and its relevant application fields.