道德认同与中学生主观幸福感：有调节的中介效应
Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being in Middle School Students: A Moderated Mediation Model
DOI: 10.12677/ass.2026.159733, PDF,   
作者: 曹宝元, 霍天依：北京联合大学师范学院，北京；杨金花*：北京联合大学师范学院，北京；北京联合大学儿童及青少年学习与心理发展研究所，北京；宗 欣：北京市第八十中学望京实验学校，北京
关键词: 道德认同；主观幸福感；亲社会行为；自我效能感；中学生；Moral Identity； Subjective Well-Being； Prosocial Behavior； Self-Efficacy； Middle School Students
摘要: 探讨道德认同对中学生主观幸福感的影响以及亲社会行为的中介作用和自我效能感的调节作用。采用道德认同量表、亲社会行为倾向量表、一般自我效能感量表、积极消极情绪量表及生活满意度量表对326名七、八年级学生进行调查。结果显示，中学生道德认同、亲社会行为、自我效能感与主观幸福感两两之间均呈显著正相关；亲社会行为在道德认同与主观幸福感之间起部分中介作用；自我效能感调节了中介模型的后半路径，具体而言，亲社会行为对主观幸福感的预测作用在低自我效能感个体中更强，而在高自我效能感个体中不显著。研究结果为引导中学生树立道德观念、促进亲社会行为以及提升主观幸福感提供了实证参考。
Abstract: This study investigated the influence of moral identity on subjective well-being among middle school students, as well as the mediating role of prosocial behavior and the moderating role of self-efficacy. A sample of 326 seventh- and eighth-grade students was surveyed using the Moral Identity Scale, Prosocial Behavior Tendency Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results showed that moral identity, prosocial behavior, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being were all significantly and positively correlated with each other. Prosocial behavior partially mediated the relationship between moral identity and subjective well-being. Furthermore, self-efficacy moderated the second stage of the mediating model; specifically, the predictive effect of prosocial behavior on subjective well-being was stronger among individuals with low self-efficacy, whereas it was not significant among those with high self-efficacy. These findings provide empirical evidence for guiding middle school students to establish sound moral values, promote prosocial behavior, and enhance subjective well-being.
文章引用：曹宝元, 杨金花, 霍天依, 宗欣. 道德认同与中学生主观幸福感：有调节的中介效应[J]. 社会科学前沿, 2026, 15(9): 100-109. https://doi.org/10.12677/ass.2026.159733

参考文献

[1] 张方玉. “孔颜之乐”的现代转型: 论梁漱溟的新儒家幸福观[J]. 中南大学学报(社会科学版), 2019, 25(4): 13-18.
[2] 何震, 詹林, 曾子豪, 等. 羞耻心对青少年主观幸福感的影响——亲社会行为和人际关系的作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2026, 42(2): 172-181.
[3] Zhang, Y. and Chen, M. (2018) Character Strengths, Strengths Use, Future Self-Continuity and Subjective Well-Being among Chinese University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article No. 1040.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01040
[4] Diener, E. (2000) Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a National Index. American Psychologist, 55, 34-43.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.34
[5] 彭申立, 王斐娟, 王哲. 中职生心理健康素养类别及其对主观幸福感的潜在转变分析[J]. 职业技术教育, 2025, 46(20): 56-62.
[6] 杨飞龙, 李翔, 朱海东. 学校氛围和青少年社会适应的关系: 一个有调节的中介模型[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2019, 27(2): 396-400.
[7] Bücker, S., Nuraydin, S., Simonsmeier, B.A., Schneider, M. and Luhmann, M. (2018) Subjective Well-Being and Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 74, 83-94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.007
[8] Vujčić, M.T., Brajša-Žganec, A. and Franc, R. (2019) Children and Young Peoples’ Views on Well-Being: A Qualitative Study. Child Indicators Research, 12, 791-819.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-018-9559-y
[9] 丁新华, 王极盛. 青少年主观幸福感研究述评[J]. 心理科学进展, 2004(1): 59-66.
[10] Engel, G.L. (1977) The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine. Science, 196, 129-136.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460
[11] Aquino, K. and Reed, A. (2002) The Self-Importance of Moral Identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1423-1440.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.6.1423
[12] Stets, J.E. and Carter, M.J. (2012) A Theory of the Self for the Sociology of Morality. American Sociological Review, 77, 120-140.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122411433762
[13] Reed, A. and Aquino, K.F. (2003) Moral Identity and the Expanding Circle of Moral Regard toward Out-Groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1270-1286.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1270
[14] Goering, M., Espinoza, C.N., Mercier, A., Eason, E.K., Johnson, C.W. and Richter, C.G. (2024) Moral Identity in Relation to Emotional Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article ID: 1346732.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1346732
[15] Waterman, A.S. (2011) Eudaimonic Identity Theory: Identity as Self-Discovery. In: Schwartz, S.J., et al., Eds., Handbook of Identity Theory and Research, Springer, 357-379.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_16
[16] Cui, P., Mao, Y., Shen, Y. and Ma, J. (2021) Moral Identity and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Identity Commitment Quality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, Article No. 9795.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189795
[17] Taher, T., Goutallier, C., Kirkland, K. and Bastian, B. (2025) The (Un)happy Moralist? Different Methods of Moral Engagement Have Opposing Implications for Wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 26, Article No. 85.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-025-00918-z
[18] Aquino, K. and Kay, A. (2018) A Social Cognitive Model of Moral Identity. In: Gray, K. and Graham, J., Eds., Atlas of Moral Psychology, Guilford Press, 133-140.
[19] Hardy, S.A. and Carlo, G. (2011) Moral Identity: What Is It, How Does It Develop, and Is It Linked to Moral Action? Child Development Perspectives, 5, 212-218.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00189.x
[20] Thielmann, I., Spadaro, G. and Balliet, D. (2020) Personality and Prosocial Behavior: A Theoretical Framework and Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146, 30-90.
https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000217
[21] 王兴超, 杨继平. 道德推脱与大学生亲社会行为: 道德认同的调节效应[J]. 心理科学, 2013, 36(4): 904-909.
[22] Chen, Y. (2024) Prosocial Behavior and Well-Being: An Empirical Review of the Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction. The Journal of Psychology, 158, 325-346.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2024.2307377
[23] Bandura, A. (1986) Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall.
[24] Bandura, A. (1997) Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Macmillan.
[25] 杜宜展, 陈丽冰. 初中生主观社会地位与心理幸福感: 自我效能感与自我控制的链式中介作用[J]. 湖州师范学院学报, 2022, 44(9): 76-83.
[26] Mischel, W. and Shoda, Y. (1995) A Cognitive-Affective System Theory of Personality: Reconceptualizing Situations, Dispositions, Dynamics, and Invariance in Personality Structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246-268.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.246
[27] 万增奎. 道德同一性的心理发展与建构[D]: [博士学位论文]. 南京: 南京师范大学, 2008.
[28] Carlo, G. and Randall, B.A. (2002) The Development of a Measure of Prosocial Behaviors for Late Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, 31-44.
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014033032440
[29] 寇彧, 洪慧芳, 谭晨, 等. 青少年亲社会倾向量表的修订[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2007(1): 112-117.
[30] 王才康, 胡中锋, 刘勇. 一般自我效能感量表的信度和效度研究[J]. 应用心理学, 2001(1): 37-40.
[31] Watson, D., Clark, L.A. and Tellegen, A. (1988) Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
[32] Diener, E. (1984) Subjective Well-Being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
[33] Daniel-González, L., Moral de la Rubia, J., Valle de la O, A. and García-Cadena, C.H. (2020) Structure Analysis of Subjective Well-Being. Salud Mental, 43, 119-127.
https://doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2020.017
[34] Podsakoff, P.M. and Organ, D.W. (1986) Self-Reports in Organizational Research: Problems and Prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544.
https://doi.org/10.1177/014920638601200408
[35] 温忠麟, 叶宝娟. 有调节的中介模型检验方法: 竞争还是替补? [J]. 心理学报, 2014, 46(5): 714-726.
[36] Hayes, A.F. (2013) Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. Guilford Press.
[37] 赵钊毅, 郭英. 家庭功能与青少年亲社会行为倾向的关系: 道德认同的中介作用与自我控制的调节作用[J]. 成都师范学院学报, 2024, 40(3): 63-72.
[38] 杨柳, 高冉, 方平, 等. 社会需要满足和高中生主观幸福感的关系: 亲社会行为倾向的中介作用及共情能力的调节作用[J]. 心理学探新, 2024, 44(5): 431-437.
[39] 蒋红, 张玉凤, 张澜. 中学生一般自我效能感、社会支持及主观幸福感关系[J]. 现代预防医学, 2013, 40(20): 3786-3789.
[40] Liu, Y., Lu, L. and Yao, Y. (2026) Associations of Psychological Capital Latent Profiles with Depression and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese College Students. Public Health, 255, Article ID: 106275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2026.106275

为你推荐