标签理论视角下困境家庭青少年社会疏离的形成机制研究

Research on the Formation Mechanism of Social Alienation among Adolescents from Disadvantaged Families from the Perspective of Labeling Theory

摘要: 相对于普通的青少年，身处困境家庭的青少年更容易陷入社会疏离的困境，然而外界施加的各类负向标签会长期干扰他们的心理成长与正常社会融入。本研究基于标签理论视角，以困境家庭青少年为研究对象，界定困境家庭青少年、社会疏离、标签内化等核心概念，通过聚焦同辈、校园环境、社区生活与家庭等场域来分析该群体标签的生成路径，并阐释青少年社会疏离的形成机制。困境家庭青少年长期被他人贴上负面标签后形成的身份界定，极易引发青少年标签内化与自我否定，习惯性的回避人际往来，逐步切断自身与外界的联系，造成社会联结断裂。本研究从认知重构、搭建同辈支持平台、营造去标签化社会环境等维度，提出社会工作干预优化路径，为解决困境家庭青少年社会疏离困境，帮助其社会融入提供理论参考。

Abstract: Compared to ordinary adolescents, those from disadvantaged families are more prone to social alienation. However, various negative labels imposed by society can persistently hinder their psychological development and normal social integration. This study employs the labeling theory framework, focusing on adolescents from disadvantaged families to define core concepts including adolescents from disadvantaged families, social alienation, and label internalization. By examining key contexts—including peer relationships, school environments, community life, and family dynamics—it analyzes how social labels are formed and elucidates the mechanisms underlying adolescent social alienation. The identity construction shaped by prolonged exposure to negative labels often leads to label internalization and self-denial, resulting in habitual avoidance of interpersonal interactions and the gradual severance of social connections. The study proposes social work intervention strategies encompassing cognitive restructuring, establishment of peer support networks, and creation of a destigmatizing social environment, providing theoretical guidance for addressing social alienation among this population and facilitating their social integration.