表面氧化对商用锌粉在碱性锌镍电池中电化学性能的影响

Effect of Surface Oxidation on the Electrochemical Performance of Commercial Zinc Powder in Alkaline Zinc-Nickel Batteries

摘要: 碱性锌镍二次电池综合性能优异，应用场景广泛，锌粉是其负极核心材料。锌易在空气中氧化，会改变界面性质，劣化电池电化学性能。本文对商用锌粉开展350℃空气高温氧化实验，结合多种表征技术分析其形貌、物相等变化，并通过扣式电池测试电化学性能。研究发现，高温氧化会让锌粉表面生成羽毛状结构与氧化锌层，虽增大比表面积，但厚氧化层会提升界面阻抗，降低负极活性，导致电池性能下降。本研究阐明了锌粉表面氧化的危害，可为锌镍电池锌粉的储运、加工及表面改性提供参考。

Abstract: Alkaline zinc-nickel secondary batteries exhibit excellent performance and have a wide range of application scenarios. Zinc powders are the core material of their anode and are susceptible to oxidation in air, which alters interfacial properties and degrades the electrochemical performance of the battery. In this study, commercial zinc powders were subjected to high-temperature oxidation in air at 350˚C, and multiple characterization techniques were employed to analyze changes in morphology, phase composition, and other properties, while electrochemical performance was evaluated through coin-cell testing. The results reveal that high-temperature oxidation induces the formation of feather-like structures and a zinc oxide layer on the surface of the zinc powder. Although the specific surface area increases, the thick oxide layer raises the interfacial impedance, reduces anode activity, and ultimately leads to a decline in battery performance. This study elucidates the detrimental effects of surface oxidation on zinc powder and can provide guide for the storage, transportation, processing, and surface modification of zinc powder used in zinc-nickel batteries.