试论施为动词与施为句的语义–语用约束性

On the Semantic-Pragmatic Constraints of Performative Verbs and Performative Utterances

摘要: 本文基于奥斯汀施为句理论及阿普列相关于俄语施为动词的语义分类，从“词汇语义–句法配置–语境适切”分析框架出发，就施为动词与施为句的语义–语用约束问题进行探讨。通过研究探明了施为动词的语义属性、话语自指及相应语义–语用限制，发掘出原型施为句以及非原型施为句的功能行为、形式表征及语义–语用制约性，揭示出施为性是词汇语义潜能、句法形式与语境适切条件动态耦合的结果。该框架可为施为理论的本土化研究提供方法论参考与分析思路。

Abstract: Drawing upon Austin’s performative utterance theory and Apresjan’s semantic classification of Russian performative verbs, this article employs a “lexical semantics-syntactic configuration-contextual felicity” analytical framework to investigate the semantic-pragmatic constraints of performative verbs and performative utterances. Through this study, the semantic properties, discourse self-reference, and corresponding semantic-pragmatic constraints of performative verbs have been elucidated, the functional behavior, formal representation, and semantic-pragmatic constraints of both prototypical and non-prototypical performative utterances have been explored, revealing that performativity is the result of a dynamic coupling among lexical semantic potential, syntactic form, and contextual appropriateness. The proposed framework may offer methodological guidance and analytical insights for the localized study of performative theory.