文化负载词翻译的策略选择与内在机制研究——以《祝福》英译本为例

A Study on Strategic Choices and Internal Mechanisms in the Translation of Culture-Loaded Words—A Case of the English Version of New Year’s Sacrifice

摘要: 本文以鲁迅小说《祝福》及其杨宪益、戴乃迭英译本为研究对象，从文化负载词视角探讨中国文学文本中典型文化表达的类型特征及其翻译机制。研究采用质性文本分析方法，对文化负载词进行分类整理，并结合目的论、功能对等理论以及归化与异化策略进行综合分析。研究发现，《祝福》中的文化负载词主要集中于社会文化维度，翻译策略呈现以异化为主、归化为辅的复合特征，不同类型词汇在翻译过程中表现出显著差异性规律。同时，研究揭示了文化负载词翻译中存在语义忠实性与可理解性、归化与异化及文化再现与传播效果之间的多重张力机制。研究结果为中国文学跨文化传播及文化负载词翻译研究提供了新的解释路径。

Abstract: Taking Lu Xun’s novel New Year’s Sacrifice and its English translation by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang as the research object, this paper explores the typological features and translation mechanisms of typical cultural expressions in Chinese literature from the perspective of culture-loaded words. Adopting the qualitative text analysis method, this study sorts and classifies culture-loaded words, and conducts a comprehensive analysis based on Skopos Theory, Functional Equivalence Theory as well as domestication and foreignization strategies. The research finds that culture-loaded words in New Year’s Sacrifice are mainly concentrated in the socio-cultural dimension. The translation strategies show a composite feature dominated by foreignization and supplemented by domestication, and words of different types demonstrate obvious differential patterns in translation. Meanwhile, this study reveals multiple tension mechanisms existing in translating culture-loaded words: semantic faithfulness and intelligibility, domestication and foreignization, cultural representation and communication effects. The findings offer a new interpretative approach for the cross-cultural communication of Chinese literature and research on culture-loaded word translation.