多层次督导模式在实习咨询师培养体系中的应用研究

A Study on the Application of a Multi-Level Supervision Model in the Training System for Internship Counselors

摘要: 在实习咨询师培养体系中，实现理论学习与咨询实践紧密衔接，在技能提升的同时，坚守咨询伦理，保证来访者福祉，是许多高校或社会心理咨询服务人才培养机构重点关注的方面，本文以北京联合大学实习咨询师培养实践为依托，梳理当前实习咨询师培养体系现实短板，构建个体督导 + 朋辈督导 + 团体督导三位一体的多层次督导模式，尝试探索多层次督导在实习咨询师培养体系中的闭环嵌入路径、实施策略，并借助自编调查问卷，从专业能力提升、职业认同与伦理保障等维度对实践中的多层次督导模式进行效果评估。研究结果可为地方高校及心理服务机构完善实习咨询师培养体系、规范督导运行机制、保障来访者福祉提供参考与实践范式。

Abstract: Within the training system for internship counselors, how can theoretical learning be closely integrated with counseling practice? How can skill enhancement be achieved while simultaneously upholding counseling ethics and safeguarding the well-being of clients? These are key concerns for many universities and professional training institutions specializing in psychological counseling services. Drawing upon the training practices for internship counselors at Beijing Union University, this paper identifies the current shortcomings within the internship counselor training system; then, it proposes a multi-level supervision model comprising individual supervision, peer supervision, and group supervision; subsequently, it explores the application to embed this multi-level supervision model into the internship counselor training framework and outlines corresponding implementation strategies; finally, utilizing self-developed questionnaires, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of this multi-level supervision model from dimensions such as professional competency development, professional identity, and ethical safeguards. The findings offer practical insights and models for local universities and psychological service organizations to improve their trainee counselor training programs, standardize supervision mechanisms, and ensure client welfare.