底质与菲律宾蛤仔规格对口虾蛄摄食的影响

Effects of Substrate and Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Size on Feeding Selection and Consumption by the Mantis Shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria

摘要: 为探究近岸海域中捕食者与猎物之间的捕食与反捕食关系，优化口虾蛄与菲律宾蛤仔等典型底栖生物增养殖方案。本试验研究了口虾蛄在5组泥沙比例底质(A泥、B 2:1、C 1:1、D 1:2、E沙)中的选择偏好，以及有、无底质时其对4种规格菲律宾蛤仔(壳长：S 10.68 mm、M 17.82 mm、L 25.89 mm、E 37.47 mm)的首次摄食选择、摄食量。结果表明：口虾蛄表现出趋泥避沙的底质选择特性，雌雄个体间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。有、无底质时，口虾蛄对不同规格菲律宾蛤仔的首次摄食选择均存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。无底质时，口虾蛄对M规格蛤仔的摄食量最高，为0.185 ± 0.015 g/ind.，而对L、E规格的蛤仔摄食量为0；有底质时，S、M规格蛤仔潜沙速率高，口虾蛄对其摄食量显著下降，而对潜沙较少的L、E规格的摄食量分别上升至0.112 ± 0.031 g/ind.和0.093 ± 0.064 g/ind.。本试验条件下，底质条件与菲律宾蛤仔规格及其交互作用对口虾蛄的摄食有显著影响。

Abstract: To investigate predator-prey and anti-predator interactions in coastal benthic habitats and provide technical support for the aquaculture and stock enhancement of typical benthic organisms such as the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria and the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, this study examined the substrate preference of the mantis shrimp across five mud-to-sand ratios (A: mud, B: 2:1, C: 1:1, D: 1:2, and E: sand), as well as their initial prey selection and food consumption with and without substrate using four sizes of Manila clams (shell length: S, 10.68 mm; M, 17.82 mm; L, 25.89 mm; and E, 37.47 mm). The results showed that mantis shrimp exhibited a clear preference for muddy substrates over sandy substrates, with no significant difference between males and females (P > 0.05). Both with and without substrate, initial prey selection differed significantly among clam sizes (P < 0.05). In the absence of substrate, consumption was highest for M-size clams (0.185 ± 0.015 g/ind.), whereas L- and E-size clams were not consumed. In the presence of substrate, the higher burrowing rates of S- and M-size clams led to a marked decrease in their consumption by the mantis shrimp, whereas consumption of L- and E-size clams, which burrowed less, increased to 0.112 ± 0.031 g/ind. and 0.093 ± 0.064 g/ind., respectively. Under the present experimental conditions, substrate condition, clam size, and their interaction significantly affected the feeding behavior of the mantis shrimp.