数字能力与家庭金融脆弱性——基于CGSS 2013~2023年数据的实证分析

Digital Capability and Household Financial Vulnerability—An Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS 2013~2023 Data

摘要: 为考察数字能力对家庭金融脆弱性的影响及其群体差异，本文基于CGSS 2013、2015、2017、2021和2023年多期截面数据，以互联网使用频率衡量数字能力，以家庭经济状况低于所在地平均水平刻画家庭金融脆弱性，采用Logit模型进行实证检验，并用Probit模型、替换变量和Ordered Logit模型进行稳健性检验。结果发现数字能力显著降低家庭金融脆弱性；在控制个体特征、家庭经济条件、城乡户籍、地区和年份因素后，结论仍然成立。异质性分析显示，数字能力对低收入、低教育和农村家庭的脆弱性缓解作用更明显。得出结论数字能力不仅是信息获取能力，也是影响家庭金融稳定的重要因素，应将数字能力提升与金融素养教育结合，以增强家庭风险应对能力。

Abstract: Purpose: This paper examines the impact of digital capability on household financial vulnerability and its heterogeneity across social groups. Method: Based on repeated cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2013, 2015, 2017, 2021 and 2023, this study measures digital capability by internet use frequency and identifies household financial vulnerability by whether household economic status is below the local average level. A Logit model is used as the baseline model, with controls for individual characteristics, household economic conditions, hukou status, urban-rural attributes, region and year fixed effects. Robustness tests are conducted by using a Probit model, replacing the key explanatory variable, and estimating an Ordered Logit model. Results: Digital capability significantly reduces the probability of household financial vulnerability, and the result remains stable after robustness checks. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the mitigating effect is more evident among low-income, low-education and rural households. Conclusion: Digital capability is not only a technical skill for information access, but also an important factor affecting household financial stability. Improving digital capability, together with financial literacy and risk awareness, can help households reduce information constraints and strengthen their capacity to cope with economic risks.