从“经济理性”“生态理性”到“生态经济理性”：生态现代化的理性转向

From “Economic Rationality” and “Ecological Rationality” to “Ecological Economic Rationality”: The Rational Shift of Ecological Modernization

摘要: 西方生态现代化试图以“生态理性”来调和经济发展与生态保护间的张力，但受资本逐利本性的制约，其“生态理性”实质仍属“经济理性”范畴。生态马克思主义在此基础上对资本主义“经济理性”展开了系统批判，但存在理性对立的偏颇与实践转化的困境。相较而言，中国式生态现代化立足于社会主义制度，在辩证否定前两种理性的基础上，生成“生态经济理性”，以“更高更优更美”作为价值取向，旨在实现经济发展与生态保护在更高层次的有机统一。本研究的意义在于尝试为“中国式生态现代化”提供一种哲学层面的理性建构。文章通过对西方主流生态现代化理论和生态马克思主义这两种重要思潮的比较与批判，为阐述中国方案的独特性和优越性建立了重要参照系。

Abstract: Western ecological modernization seeks to reconcile the tension between economic growth and environmental protection through “ecological rationality”, yet, being constrained by capital’s inherent drive for profit, its “ecological rationality” in essence remains subsumed under “economic rationality”. Ecological Marxism, in turn, offers a systematic critique of capitalist “economic rationality” but is hampered by a one-sided opposition between rationalities and difficulties in practical implementation. By contrast, Chinese-style ecological modernization, drawing on the institutional strengths of socialism, dialectically negates both of the preceding rationalities and generates an “eco-economic rationality”, with “higher, more optimal, and more beautiful” as its value orientation, so as to realize a superior organic integration of economic development and ecological protection. The contribution of this research is to offer a philosophical rational reconstruction of “Chinese-style ecological modernization”. Through a comparative critique of Western mainstream ecological modernization theory and ecological Marxism, the paper establishes a crucial reference system for articulating the distinctiveness and advantage of the Chinese model.