婴幼儿血管瘤治疗的最新研究进展

Recent Advances in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas

摘要: 婴幼儿血管瘤(infantile hemangioma, IH)是婴幼儿时期最常见的良性血管源性肿瘤，好发于女婴，头颈部多见，足月新生儿患病率约4.5%。IH具有独特的自然病程，通常经历增殖期、平台期和消退期三个阶段。多数IH可自行消退，但部分病例可导致毁容、器官功能障碍甚至危及生命，需积极干预。自2008年普萘洛尔被发现对IH具有显著疗效以来，IH的治疗格局发生了革命性变化。近年来，随着新型药物制剂(如马来酸噻吗洛尔凝胶)的上市、靶向治疗药物的探索以及联合治疗策略的优化，IH的治疗体系日趋完善。本文就IH治疗的最新研究进展进行综述，以期为临床治疗提供参考。

Abstract: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor of infancy, with a female predominance, a predilection for the head and neck region, and a prevalence of approximately 4.5% in full-term neonates. IH exhibits a distinctive natural history, typically evolving through proliferative, plateau, and involution phases. Although most IH lesions undergo spontaneous regression, a subset may lead to disfigurement, functional impairment, or even life-threatening complications, thus warranting active intervention. Since the serendipitous discovery of propranolol’s efficacy against IH in 2008, the therapeutic landscape of this condition has been revolutionized. In recent years, with the approval of novel pharmaceutical formulations (e.g., timolol maleate gel), the exploration of targeted therapeutic agents, and the optimization of combination treatment strategies, the armamentarium for IH has been progressively refined. This article reviews the latest advances in the management of IH, aiming to provide a practical reference for clinical decision-making.