家庭支持行为与老年人社区居家养老服务利用的决策机制研究——基于CLASS 2020年数据的实证分析

Family Support Behavior and Older Adults’ Utilization of Community Home-Based Care Services—A Decision-Making Mechanism Analysis Based on CLASS 2020

摘要: 在中国加速进入中度老龄化社会的背景下，传统家庭本位养老观念与社会化、社区化养老服务模式之间的结构性错位，造成的有效需求不足与资源闲置并存已成为制约养老服务效能提升的关键瓶颈。为破解有效需求不足的困境，本文基于福利多元主义与安德森模型，利用2020年中国老年社会追踪调查数据，运用Logistic回归，系统考察家庭支持行为对老年人社区居家养老服务利用的影响。研究发现：家庭支持存在显著的“功能分化效应”——经济支持与情感支持通过缓解预算约束、提供信息决策辅助等“资源属性”显著促进服务利用，而日常照护因其“替代属性”直接满足照料需求，对同类社区服务形成显著抑制。据此，本文建议应完善长期护理保险制度设计，同时精准识别“家庭照护脆弱”群体，将家庭视为养老服务合作伙伴，针对消费意愿、养老观念等采取差异化干预策略，推动形成家庭与社会协同的可持续养老模式。

Abstract: As China accelerates into a moderately aging society, a structural mismatch between traditional family-centered elderly care concepts and socialized, community-based service models has led to insufficient effective demand and idle resources. Drawing on welfare pluralism and Andersen’s behavioral model, this study uses data from the 2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) and employs logistic regression to systematically examine the impact of family support behaviors on older adults’ utilization of community home-based elderly care services. The study finds a significant “functional differentiation effect”: economic and emotional support significantly promote service utilization through “resource attributes” such as alleviating budget constraints and providing information-based decision-making support, while daily care support inhibits similar community services due to its “substitutability” in meeting care needs directly. The paper calls for improving the design of long-term care insurance, identifying “family care vulnerable” groups, treating families as partners in elderly care, and adopting differentiated intervention strategies targeting consumption willingness and elderly care concepts to promote a sustainable family-society collaborative mode.