纳米脂质体的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Nanoliposomes

摘要: 纳米脂质体是由两亲性磷脂分子组装形成的双分子层纳米囊泡，因其良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性及高效的药物包载与靶向递送能力，已成为纳米载体领域的研究热点，在医学、食品、药学等多学科交叉领域展现出重要的应用价值。本文系统梳理近些年国内外相关研究文献，重点综述了纳米脂质体的制备工艺(传统工艺优化与新型制备技术应用)、功能化修饰技术(靶向修饰、智能响应修饰、长效循环及复合修饰)及多领域应用进展，深入剖析了当前研究中存在的制备工艺规模化难度大、作用机制尚未完全明确、临床转化进程缓慢及学科交叉不足等关键问题，并结合现有研究基础对未来发展方向进行了展望，旨在为纳米脂质体的后续实验研究、剂型优化开发及产业化临床转化提供精准的理论支撑与实践指引。

Abstract: Nanoliposomes are bilayer nanovesicles self-assembled from amphiphilic phospholipid molecules. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, as well as high-efficiency drug encapsulation and targeted delivery capabilities, nanoliposomes have emerged as a research hotspot in the field of nanocarriers and exhibit significant application potential in interdisciplinary fields including medicine, food science and pharmaceutics. By systematically collating domestic and international research literature in recent years, this paper mainly reviews the preparation technologies of nanoliposomes (optimization of traditional processes and application of novel preparation techniques) and functional modification strategies (targeted modification, stimuli-responsive modification, long-circulation modification and composite modification), together with their research advances in multiple application scenarios. The study further analyzes the core bottlenecks restricting current research, including difficulties in large-scale production, incomplete clarification of action mechanisms, slow clinical transformation progress and insufficient interdisciplinary integration. Combined with existing research foundations, the future development trends of nanoliposomes are prospected. This review aims to provide solid theoretical reference and practical guidance for subsequent experimental research, dosage form optimization, industrial development and clinical translation of nanoliposomes.