代际数字反哺对空巢老人心理健康的影响机制研究

The Impact Mechanism of Intergenerational Digital Support on the Mental Health of Empty-Nest Older Adults

摘要: 随着人口老龄化加剧，空巢老人心理健康问题日益突出。本研究聚焦代际数字反哺对空巢老人心理健康的影响机制。研究发现，代际数字反哺通过情感支持、功能支持和认知激活三重机制协同发挥作用：情感支持缓解孤独并增强归属感，功能支持降低焦虑并提升心理安全感，认知激活增强自我效能感并改善自我认同。同时，数字反哺也可能产生负面效应，包括代际认知差异引发的互动冲突、过度代劳导致的自主性削弱。基于上述分析，本研究提出积极促进与风险规避并行的实践路径，前者包括规律数字互动、能力赋能及社区支持网络建设，后者涉及尊重学习节奏、避免过度代劳及加强数字安全教育。研究为家庭和社会推动空巢老人心理健康提供了理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: As population aging intensifies, the mental health problems of empty-nest older adults have become increasingly prominent. This study focuses on the impact mechanism of intergenerational digital support on their mental health. The findings reveal that intergenerational digital support operates through three synergistic mechanisms: emotional support alleviates loneliness and strengthens the sense of belonging; functional support reduces anxiety and enhances psychological security; cognitive activation boosts self-efficacy and improves self-identity. Meanwhile, negative effects may also arise, including interaction conflicts caused by intergenerational cognitive differences and reduced autonomy due to over-assistance. Based on the above analysis, this study proposes a dual practical pathway combining positive promotion and risk mitigation. Positive promotion strategies include regular digital interactions, capacity building, and community support networks, while risk mitigation strategies involve respecting the learning pace, avoiding over-assistance, and strengthening digital safety education. This research provides theoretical foundations and practical references for families and society to promote the mental health of empty-nest older adults.