老年人数字消费的适老化改造重构

Reconstruction of Aging-Oriented Digital Consumption for the Elderly

摘要: 老年人在数字消费中频繁遭遇免密支付、自动续费、先用后付等隐性消费。既有适老化改造长期奉行“功能优先”逻辑，聚焦于字体放大、界面简化等接入性便利，却未能同步构建知情同意、自主退出与权利救济的权益保障框架，导致老年消费者在商业诱导设计、认知能力限制、家庭支持断裂与制度形式平等的多重作用下陷入系统性弱势。对此，适老化治理需从“功能适老”转向“权益适老”。在服务设计层面，通过扣费前弹窗提示、一键退出机制和定期授权更新，将诱导点击转换为主动保护；在社会支持层面，依托亲情联系人提醒与社区常态化帮扶，建立触手可及的日常支持网络；在制度规则层面，确立有效触达的告知标准、明示确认的同意效力以及经营者的证据保存义务，以差异化规则弥补形式平等下的实质保护不足。三重路径协同作用，旨在构建老年消费者“看得清楚、退得容易”的数字消费环境，为银发经济的健康发展提供制度性保障。

Abstract: The elderly frequently encounter implicit consumption such as secret-free payment, automatic renewal, and payment after use in digital consumption. It has long pursued the logic of “function priority” in the transformation of aging, focusing on access convenience such as font enlargement and interface simplification. However, it has failed to simultaneously construct the rights and interests protection framework of informed consent, independent withdrawal and right relief, which has led to the systematic weakness of elderly consumers under the multiple effects of business induction design, cognitive ability limitation, family support fracture and institutional form equality. In this regard, the governance of aging needs to shift from “functional aging” to “equity aging”. At the service design level, the induced clicks are converted into active protection through the pre-deduction pop-up prompt, one-click exit mechanism and regular authorization updates. At the level of social support, relying on family contact reminders and community normalized assistance, establish a daily support network within reach; at the level of institutional rules, it is necessary to establish the informing standard of effective contact, the consent effect of explicit confirmation and the operator’s obligation to preserve evidence, so as to make up for the lack of substantive protection under formal equality with differentiated rules. The triple path synergy aims to build a digital consumption environment in which elderly consumers can “see clearly and retreat easily”, and provide institutional guarantee for the healthy development of the silver economy.