数字技术赋能城市交通拥堵的治理机制与路径

Governance Mechanisms and Paths of Digital Technology Empowering Urban Traffic Congestion

摘要: 传统城市中交通拥堵的根源应从复杂适应系统所涉时空异质性供需来理解。文中采用技术及制度并重思路，把信息、制度、行为、结构当作四维分析要素，集中考察算法公平问题的实质。所提数字技术对拥堵的缓解机制有四类：反馈更完善、路权重新配置、决策较合理、治理较网络化，而算法调度正好是关键手段；但单靠效率逻辑的算法本身又会带来空间失衡或群体不公这类风险。应对方法是使制度与算法作实质性结合，根据实际需要确定差异性治理形式。

Abstract: The deep-seated cause of urban traffic congestion lies in the spatiotemporal heterogeneous mismatch of supply and demand in complex adaptive systems. Based on the perspective of technology-institution coordination, this paper constructs a four-dimensional analytical framework of information, rules, behavior and structure, focusing on the core contradiction of algorithmic fairness. The study finds that digital technology alleviates congestion through four paths: feedback enhancement, road right redistribution, decision environment optimization and governance networking, among which algorithm scheduling is the core carrier. However, efficiency-oriented algorithm operation endogenously produces fairness risks. The solution lies in promoting the in-depth adaptation of algorithm and institution through whole-chain ethical regulation, and adopting differentiated governance solutions according to local conditions.