重庆巫山机场雾的统计特征及其气象要素分布

Statistical Characteristics of Fog and Distribution of Meteorological Elements at Chongqing Wushan Airport

摘要: 本文基于重庆巫山神女峰机场自动观测采集数据(2020~2023年)对本场出现的大雾天气分成强浓雾、浓雾和一般大雾三个强度级别，分别从年变化、月变化和季节变化以及日变化三种时间尺度下讨论其变化特征以及相对湿度和风场的分布特征。结论表明：1、巫山机场2020~2023平均每年起雾为105.75天，一年起雾概率将近30%，且以能见度在50~500米区间的浓雾占比最大。2、机场春季雾日数最多，冬季次多，夏季雾日数最少。3、强浓雾主要发生在北京时09~17时；浓雾出现概率在一天的分布是均匀的；一般大雾则易发生在夜间至清晨时段。4、大雾出现时相对湿度较高，强浓雾天气下相对湿度极大概率在95%以上，而相对湿度在70%以上也有一定概率出现一般大雾。5、大雾天气最大概率发生在西北风和东南风背景下，以东东南风向(90˚~120˚)占比最大，而在西南风和东北风背景下出现强浓雾以及浓雾的概率极小。风速在3~8 m/s区间范围内起雾概率最大。

Abstract: Using automatic observation data from Chongqing Wushan Airport (2020~2023), fog events are classified into dense fog, thick fog, and moderate fog. Their annual, monthly, seasonal, and diurnal variations, along with relative humidity and wind field characteristics, are analyzed. Results show: (1) Annual average fog days are 105.75, with a probability of nearly 30%, dominated by thick fog (visibility 50~500 m). (2) Fog days are most frequent in spring, followed by winter, and least in summer. (3) Dense fog mainly occurs from 09:00~17:00 BT; thick fog shows uniform diurnal distribution; moderate fog tends to occur from night to early morning. (4) Fog events are associated with high relative humidity; dense fog almost always occurs when RH > 95%, while moderate fog may occur even when RH > 70%. (5) Fog is most likely under northwest and southeast winds, especially east-southeast (90˚~120˚), and least likely under southwest and northeast winds. The highest fog probability occurs at wind speeds of 3~8 m/s.