现代汉语被动句式的维译转换机制研究——以巴金《家》汉维译本为例

A Study on the Translation Mechanism of Modern Chinese Passive Constructions into Uyghur—A Case Study of Ba Jin’s “Family”

摘要: 现代汉语、维吾尔语均可表达被动语义，但分属不同语言体系，二者被动标记、句法构造差别显著：现代汉语依托虚词和语序实现被动表达，维吾尔语依靠动词黏着被动后缀体现被动语态，本文选取哈米提·铁木尔译版《家》汉维对照文本为研究语料，运用文本对比分析法，在梳理被动语态相关句法理论与既有汉维翻译研究基础上，对比剖析两种语言被动句式特征，将书中被动句划分为有标、无标两类展开双语例句分析，归纳本语料当中现代汉语被动句译为维吾尔语的主要转换策略(形态对应、语态转换、句式调适)，并总结相应翻译原则与实践策略。研究发现，译者不会生硬直译被动结构，而是贴合维吾尔语表达习惯灵活调整句式。本文研究结论可为汉维文学翻译、双语句法教学提供实例参考，同时丰富现代白话小说维译的专项句法研究。

Abstract: Both Modern Chinese and Uyghur can express passive meaning, but they belong to different linguistic systems and differ significantly in their passive markers and syntactic structures. Modern Chinese relies on function words and word order to express passivity, while Uyghur employs verb affixes—specifically a clitic passive suffix—to indicate the passive voice. This study uses the bilingual Chinese-Uyghur version of “Family” translated by Hamit Tirmur as its corpus, applying text contrast analysis. Based on an overview of syntactic theories related to the passive voice and existing research on Chinese-Uyghur translation, it compares and analyzes the characteristics of passive constructions in both languages. Passive sentences in the text are categorized into marked and unmarked types, followed by bilingual example analyses. The study identifies the main translation strategies used when rendering Modern Chinese passive sentences into Uyghur—morphological correspondence, voice conversion, and syntactic adaptation—and summarizes corresponding translation principles and practical approaches. Findings reveal that translators do not rigidly render passive structures literally but instead adapt sentence patterns flexibly according to Uyghur expression habits. The conclusions of this study offer practical references for Chinese-Uyghur literary translation and bilingual syntactic instruction, while also enriching specialized syntactic research on the translation of modern vernacular novels into Uyghur.