层次分析法在绩效评价指标权重赋值中的应用

Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Index Weight Assignment for Performance Evaluation

摘要: 指标权重科学赋值是构建绩效评价体系的核心，直接决定评价结果的客观公正性。层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)融合定性判断与定量运算，能够弥补传统赋权方法主观随意性突出的缺陷，是多指标综合评价主流工具之一。文章通过梳理AHP理论逻辑与标准化赋权流程，总结了其在企事业单位、公共治理领域的应用模式，并剖析了该方法在实践中面临的主观判断冲突、矩阵一致性不足、静态模型与动态环境脱节及操作性障碍等现实难题。在此基础上，从标度优化、组合赋权、动态机制、智能工具四个维度提出改进思路，以期为相关领域绩效体系搭建提供方法参考。

Abstract: Scientific assignment of index weights is the core of constructing a performance evaluation system, directly determining the objectivity and fairness of evaluation results. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrates qualitative judgment with quantitative calculation. It can compensate for the prominent defect of excessive subjectivity in traditional weight assignment methods and serves as a mainstream tool for multi-index comprehensive evaluation. This paper clarifies the theoretical logic and standardized weight‑assignment procedure of AHP, summarizes its application modes in enterprises, public institutions, and public governance, and analyzes practical drawbacks of this method, including subjective judgment conflicts, insufficient matrix consistency, disconnection between static models and dynamic environments, and operational barriers. Improvement ideas are proposed from four dimensions: scale optimization, combined weighting, dynamic mechanisms, and intelligent tools, so as to provide methodological reference for the construction of performance systems in relevant fields.