技术异化与人的本真存在——庄子与海德格尔的对话

Technological Alienation and the Authentic Human Existence—A Dialogue between Zhuangzi and Heidegger

摘要: 现代技术以前所未有的深度塑造着人的生存样态。技术在带来便利的同时也使人陷入深层异化——人不再是技术的主人，而沦为系统中的一个功能性环节。这一困境并非现代独有，战国时期庄子借抱瓮老人之口提出“有机事者必有机心”，将技术批判从工具层面推进到存在论层面；二十世纪的海德格尔则以“座架”(Gestell)揭示现代技术将一切存在者化约为“持存物”(Bestand)的本质。本文在二者之间建立跨时空对话，分析其批判技术异化与回归本真存在的路径——庄子的“心斋”、“坐忘”与海德格尔的“诗意栖居”。通过比较可以发现，庄子以“忘”为方法，海德格尔以“思”为路径，二者殊途同归，共同指向对工具理性单一范式的超越，为技术时代如何成为一个完整的人提供了跨文化的哲学思考。

Abstract: Modern technology shapes human existence with unprecedented depth. While bringing convenience, it also entangles people in profound alienation—humans are no longer masters of technology but have become functional components within a systemic apparatus. This predicament is not unique to modernity. In the Warring States period, Zhuangzi, through the figure of the old man at the well, asserted that “one who has mechanical devices must have a mechanical heart,” elevating technological critique from the instrumental level to the ontological level. In the twentieth century, Heidegger employed the concept of Gestell (enframing) to reveal how modern technology reduces all beings to Bestand (standing-reserve). This paper establishes a cross-temporal dialogue between the two thinkers, analyzing their critiques of technical alienation and their paths toward returning to authentic existence—Zhuangzi’s “fasting of the mind” (xinzhai) and “sitting in forgetfulness” (zuowang), and Heidegger’s “poetic dwelling.” Through comparison, it becomes evident that Zhuangzi takes “forgetting” as his method, while Heidegger takes “thinking” as his path; despite their different approaches, they converge on the same goal—transcending the monolithic paradigm of instrumental rationality. Together, they offer cross-cultural philosophical reflections on how to become a whole human being in the technological age.