配方土对珍稀濒危树种浙江楠绿化容器苗生长的影响

Effect of Formulated Soil on the Growth of Container Landscaping Seedlings of Phoebe chekiangensis, a Rare and Endangered Tree Species

摘要: 目的：为优选适合上海地区浙江楠(Phoebe chekiangensis)绿化容器苗培育的配方土配方，探究不同配比土壤对苗木生长及生理特性的影响。方法：以3年生浙江楠容器苗为材料，设置珍珠岩配方(50%进口泥炭 + 20%原土 + 30%珍珠岩)、青石粒配方(50%进口泥炭 + 20%原土 + 30%青石粒)、生物炭配方(50%进口泥炭 + 20%原土 + 30%生物炭)及珍珠岩配方(50%进口泥炭 + 20%原土 + 30%珍珠岩) + 栽植次年施TMF土壤调节剂4种处理，随机区组设计，连续两年跟踪测定苗高、地径及叶片SPAD值。结果：青石粒配方土在栽植当年显著促进了浙江楠的苗高生长和SPAD值提升，移栽初期生长恢复效果最佳；栽植次年，珍珠岩配方土表现出更优的苗高生长效应，且珍珠岩配方土施入TMF土壤调节剂进一步促进了新梢生长。结论：浙江楠绿化容器苗培育宜选用透气性好的青石粒基质以促进根系恢复和生长启动，绿化移栽应用可添加珍珠岩及TMF土壤调节剂，以优化移栽后的生长稳定恢复和后期生长表现。本研究结果预为浙江楠在上海地区的绿化容器苗培育和绿化中推广应用提供关键技术指导。

Abstract: Objective: To optimize the formulated soil for container landscaping seedlings of Phoebe chekiangensis suitable for Shanghai area, and to investigate the effects of different soil formulations on seedling growth and physiological characteristics. Method: Three-year-old container seedlings of P. chekiangensis were used as materials. Four treatments were set up in a randomized block design: perlite formulation (50% imported peat + 20% native soil + 30% perlite), crushed stone formulation (50% imported peat + 20% native soil + 30% crushed stone), biochar formulation (50% imported peat + 20% native soil + 30% biochar), and perlite formulation + application of TMF soil conditioner in the second year after planting. Seedling height, ground diameter and leaf SPAD value were measured continuously for two years. Result: The crushed stone formulation significantly promoted seedling height growth and SPAD value increase in the first year after planting, showing the best effect on growth recovery during the initial transplanting stage. While, in the second year, the perlite formulation exhibited better performance on height growth, and the addition of TMF soil conditioner to the perlite formulation further promoted new shoot growth. Conclusion: For the cultivation of container landscaping seedlings of P. chekiangensis, a well-aerated crushed stone substrate is recommended to promote root recovery and growth initiation. For transplanting in landscaping applications, the addition of perlite and TMF soil conditioner can optimize post-transplant growth stabilization and long-term performance. These results provide key technical guidance for large-scale container seedling production and landscaping application of P. chekiangensis in Shanghai.