直肠黏膜脱垂综合征的中西医治疗进展

Advances in the Treatment of Rectal Mucosal Prolapse Syndrome with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

摘要: 直肠黏膜脱垂综合征(Rectal Mucosal Prolapse Syndrome, RMPS)是肛肠科常见的盆底功能障碍性疾病，以直肠黏膜与肌层分离、脱垂或套叠为主要病理特征，临床表现为肛门坠胀、排便梗阻及不完全性脱垂等，严重影响患者生活质量。近年来，西医在手术方式上不断革新，从药物保守治疗、传统经会阴手术到腹腔镜乃至机器人辅助手术，疗效显著提升；中医则从辨证论治、针灸外治、注射固脱等多维度形成了独特的诊疗体系。中西医结合治疗模式在降低复发率、改善术后功能方面展现出独特优势。因此，文章通过系统检索近年来国内外相关文献，从发病机制、治疗方法等方面系统综述直肠黏膜脱垂综合征的中西医治疗进展，以期为临床诊疗提供参考。

Abstract: Rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome (RMPS) is a common pelvic floor dysfunctional disease in proctology, primarily characterized by separation of the rectal mucosa from the muscular layer, prolapse, or intussusception. Clinical manifestations include anal tenesmus, obstructive defecation, and incomplete prolapse, severely affecting patients’ quality of life. In recent years, Western medicine has continuously innovated surgical approaches, evolving from conservative pharmacological treatment and traditional perineal surgery to laparoscopic and even robot-assisted procedures, with significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), on the other hand, has developed a distinctive diagnostic and therapeutic system through multiple dimensions such as syndrome differentiation-based treatment, acupuncture and external therapies, and injection fixation. The integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment model has demonstrated unique advantages in reducing recurrence rates and improving postoperative function. Therefore, by systematically reviewing recent domestic and international literature, this article summarizes the progress in the treatment of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome from aspects including pathogenesis and therapeutic methods, aiming to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.