功能对等理论指导下公示语汉英翻译实践报告

Practice Report on the C-E Translation of Public Notices Guided by the Theory of Functional Equivalence

摘要: 本文以奈达功能对等理论为核心，结合格赖斯合作原则、利奇礼貌原则，依托国家标准《公共服务领域英文译写规范》(GB/T 30240-2017)，选取交通、景区、公共设施类典型公示语开展汉英翻译实践。参照卡尔·詹姆斯错误分析框架，将公示语英译常见问题划分为词汇、语法、语用三类错误，针对性提出借译、替换、省译、意译四种翻译策略，并结合多组正反译例对比论证各策略的实操价值。研究发现，公示语翻译应以交际功能对等为核心，摒弃机械直译，兼顾目的语语言规范、语用场景与文化内涵。本研究总结的纠错框架与翻译方法，可为公共公示语标准化英译、同类翻译实践及地方译写规范落地提供参考。

Abstract: Centering on Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory, this paper draws on Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Leech’s Politeness Principle. Based on the national standard Guidelines for the Use of Eng-lish in Public Service Areas (GB/T 30240-2017), it conducts Chinese-English translation practice on typical public signs concerning transportation, scenic spots and public facilities. Adopting Carl James’ error-analysis framework, this study categorizes prevalent errors in the English translation of public signs into three types: lexical, grammatical and pragmatic errors. Four targeted translation strategies including loan-translation, substitution, omission and free translation are proposed, whose practical value is demonstrated through multiple pairs of positive-and-negative translation examples. The research reveals that public-sign translation should prioritize communicative functional equivalence, reject rigid literal translation, and take into account target-language norms, pragmatic contexts and cultural connotations. The error-correction framework and translation methods summarized in this paper can serve as references for standardized English rendering of public signs, similar translation practices, and local implementation of translation-writing specifications.