基于汗液钾监测的可穿戴设备在心力衰竭管理中的研究进展
Research Progress on Wearable Devices for Sweat Potassium Monitoring in Heart Failure Management
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1693212, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 张晨曦*：中日友好医院心脏科心衰中心，北京；中日友好医院(中日友好医院临床研究所)/北京协和医学院/中国医学科学院，北京；曹洪帅, 任景怡#：中日友好医院心脏科心衰中心，北京；李 林：厦门大学柔性电子(未来技术)研究院，福建 厦门
关键词: 心力衰竭；可穿戴设备；汗液钾；无创监测；远程慢病管理；Heart Failure； Wearable Devices； Sweat Potassium； Non-Invasive Monitoring； Remote Chronic Disease Management
摘要: 心力衰竭患病率持续攀升，血钾紊乱显著增加恶性心律失常及死亡风险。传统静脉采血仅能提供间断性监测数据，难以满足居家长期随访的临床需求。汗液作为无创性生物体液，其钾离子浓度与血钾水平存在一定相关性，基于电化学传感技术的可穿戴贴片可实现24小时连续电解质监测，为心力衰竭个体化慢病管理提供了新思路。本文结合国内心力衰竭离子管理共识，系统梳理汗液钾监测的生理学基础、传感与微流体核心技术、人工智能辅助信号校正方案，总结其在居家远程监护及风险早期预警中的临床价值，同时分析设备临床转化、标准化及医疗器械注册现存瓶颈，展望多模态传感闭环调控及基层心力衰竭分级诊疗应用前景。该无创监测技术有望弥补传统血钾检测的临床局限，优化心力衰竭长期预后管理模式。
Abstract: Heart failure poses a substantial clinical burden worldwide, and serum potassium disturbance is strongly associated with malignant arrhythmias and all-cause mortality. Conventional venous blood sampling only enables intermittent measurements, which cannot fulfill the requirements of long-term home-based follow-up. As a non-invasive biofluid, sweat exhibits a quantifiable correlation with serum potassium. Wearable patches based on electrochemical sensors enable 24-hour continuous electrolyte monitoring, offering a novel strategy for individualized heart failure management. In conjunction with domestic expert consensus on ion regulation in heart failure, this review systematically summarizes the physiological basis of sweat potassium detection, core sensing and microfluidic technologies, artificial intelligence-based signal correction methods, and clinical value in home telemonitoring and early risk warning. We also analyze current barriers in clinical translation, standardization, and medical device registration, and discuss the prospects of multi-modal closed-loop sensing and hierarchical diagnosis-treatment in primary care settings. This non-invasive monitoring technology holds promise to overcome the limitations of conventional blood potassium testing and improve long-term prognostic management in heart failure.
文章引用：张晨曦, 曹洪帅, 李林, 任景怡. 基于汗液钾监测的可穿戴设备在心力衰竭管理中的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(9): 1698-1707. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1693212

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